英文摘要中語態(tài)和時態(tài)用法

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醫(yī)學(xué)論文中，一般少用第一人稱和主動語態(tài)，多用第三人稱和被動語態(tài)，用以體現(xiàn)敘述客觀事實。所用時態(tài)需與事情發(fā)生時間一致，敘述基本規(guī)律時可用現(xiàn)在時，敘述研究對象、方法和結(jié)果時，用過去時。舉例如下。

Objective:ThepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminewhetheraninhospitaltransportableCTscannercanprovidediagnosticbrainimagesandtocomparethequalityoftheseimageswiththosefromaconvertionalfixed?platformCTscanner.

SubjectsandMethods:Twentysevenpatientswithknownorsuspectedintracranialpathologyunderwentimagingonatransportablescannerandafixed?platformscannerwithin1hrofeachother.ImagesfromeachCTexaminationwereevaluatedindependentlybytwoneuroradiologistswhowereunawareofpatienthistory.Conspicuousnessofintracranialpathologyandnormalanatomywereratedona5?pointscale(1point''''optimal;5points''''poorornotvisualized).Statisticalcomparisonsweremadeusingnonparametrictests.

Results:SevenCTscanswereinterpretedasshowingnormalfindingsand20scansrevealedintracranialpathologyonbothCTscanners.Imagequalitywashigheronthefixedscanner(averagerating''''2.42points''''SE=0.12)thanonthetransportablescanner(averagerating''''3.10points''''SE=0.12(p=0.001).Depictionofthecerebellum''''midbrain''''andsupratentorialgray?whitematterwasbetteronthefixedscanner(p＜0.05＝.However''''wefoundnosignificantdifferencesindetectionofintracranialpathologybetweenscanners.Bothradiologistsfoundimagesfrombothscannerstobediagnosticinall27patients.

Conclusion:ImagesofthebrainonthetransportableCTscannerwerelessclearthanthoseonafixedscanner.However''''imagesfromthetransportableCTscannerwerediagnosticin27consecutivepatients.TheimplicationsofthisfindingareimportantfortheprovisionofCTservicesforcriticallyillpatientswhocannotbetransportedtotheradiologydepartment.

上面是AJR(美國放射學(xué)雜志)中一段完整的英文摘要，從中可以看出其特點：①用詞簡練、準(zhǔn)確；②時態(tài)為過去時；③不用第一人稱，多用被動語態(tài)；④方法和結(jié)果中強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)計方法及數(shù)據(jù)。對母語非英語的作者來說，撰寫英文摘要的質(zhì)量好壞直接與作者的英文水平有關(guān)，在這方面，只有多閱讀英文文獻(xiàn)，才能提高英文寫作水平，從而寫出高質(zhì)量的英文摘要。