雙語童話范文

導(dǎo)語：如何才能寫好一篇雙語童話，這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻(xiàn)，歡迎閱讀由公務(wù)員之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

At the time when our Lord still walked on earth, he and Saint Peter stopped one evening at a smith's and were gladly given lodging1. Now it happened that a poor beggar, hard pressed by age and infirmity, came to this house and begged alms of the smith.

Peter had compassion2 and said, "Lord and master, if it please you, cure his ailments3, that he may earn his own bread."

The Lord said gently, "Smith, lend me your forge and put some coals on for me, and then I will make this sick old man young again."

The smith was quite willing. Saint Peter pumped the bellows4, and when the coal fire sparkled up large and high, our Lord took the little old man, pushed him into the forge in the middle of the red fire, so that he glowed like a rosebush, and praised God with a loud voice.

After that the Lord went to the quenching-tub, put the glowing little man into it so that the water closed over him, and after he had carefully cooled him, he gave him his blessing5, when, behold6, the little man sprang nimbly out, looking fresh, upright, healthy, and as if he were twenty years old.

The smith, who had watched everything closely and attentively7, invited them all to supper. Now he had an old half-blind, hunchbacked mother-in-law. She went to the youth and asked earnestly if the fire had burned him much.

He answered that he had never felt better, and that he had sat in the glowing coals as if he had been in cool dew.

The youth's words echoed in the the old woman's ears all night long, and early the next morning, after the Lord had gone on his way again and had heartily8 thanked the smith, the latter thought he might make his old mother-in-law young again in the same way, for he had watched everything very carefully, and it used the skills of his trade. Therefore he called to her, asking her if she, too, would like to go prancing9 about like an eighteen-year-old girl.

Because the youth had come out of it so well, she said, "With all my heart."

So the smith made a large fire, and pushed the old woman into it. She twisted about this way and that, uttering horrible cries of murder.

"Sit still. Why are you screaming and jumping about so? I still have to blow the fire hotter," he cried, then pumped the bellows again, until all her rags were all afire.

The old woman cried without ceasing, and the smith thought to himself, "It's not going exactly right." Then he took her out and threw her into the quenching-tub. She screamed so loudly that the smith's wife upstairs and her daughter-in-law heard it, and they both ran downstairs, and saw the old woman lying in a heap in the tub, howling and screaming, with her face wrinkled and shriveled and all out of shape.

The two, who were both with child, were so terrified with this that that very night they gave birth to two boys who were not shaped like humans but like apes. They ran into the woods, and from them came the race of apes. #p#副標(biāo)題#e#

當(dāng)我們的主還在地上巡視時(shí)，有一天晚上，他帶著圣彼得到一個(gè)鐵匠家投宿，鐵匠倒還樂意。這時(shí)碰巧來了位乞丐，年邁體弱，精神不振，樣子十分可憐，他求鐵匠施舍點(diǎn)東西給他，圣彼得很同情他，說：“主呀，如果你愿意，請幫他治一下病吧，讓他能夠自己掙得食物。”

上帝非常和藹地說：“師傅，請把你的鐵爐借我用一下，加些炭在里面，我要把這老乞丐煉得年輕些。”鐵匠非常樂意，圣彼得便拉起風(fēng)箱，上帝把乞丐推進(jìn)爐火中的最旺處，老人在里面燒得像玫瑰般通紅，口里還大聲讚美著上帝。過了一會(huì)兒，上帝踏到水槽前，把這燒紅的人放了進(jìn)去浸在水中，等他冷卻后，上帝就向他祝福。過了一會(huì)兒，那小個(gè)子老人一躍而出，面目一新了，他顯得那樣挺直、健康，就像一位二十歲的小伙子。

鐵匠在一旁仔細(xì)地瞧著，請他們一起吃了晚飯。鐵匠有位半瞎背駝的老岳母，她走到年輕人的跟前，仔細(xì)地瞧著，問他爐火可曾燒了他。那人告訴他從來沒有這般舒服過，立在爐火中，就像沐浴在清涼的露水中一樣。那年青人的話在老婦人的耳邊響了一整夜。第二天早上，上帝準(zhǔn)備上路了，他感謝了鐵匠，鐵匠認(rèn)為他也能把自己的老岳母變得年輕些，因?yàn)樽蛱斓囊磺兴伎丛谘劾铩ｌ妒撬麊栐滥甘欠褚蚕胱兂蓚€(gè)十八歲的少女跳來跳去。

篇2

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once there lived a king and a queen who were rich and had everything that they could wish for, but no children. She complained day and night about this, and said, "I am like a field that nothing will grow in."

Finally God fulfilled her desires, but when the child came to the world it did not look like a human child, but instead it was a young donkey. When the mother saw it she wept and wailed1. She would sooner have no child at all than a donkey, and she said that they should throw it into the water and let the fish eat it.

But the king said, "No, God has given him to us. He shall be my son and heir, and following my death he shall sit on the royal throne and wear the royal crown."

Thus they raised the little donkey. He got bigger, and his ears grew up straight and tall. He was a very cheerful sort, jumped about, and played. He was especially fond of music, so he went to a famous minstrel and said, "Teach me to play the lute2 as well as you do."

"Oh, my little master," answered the minstrel, "that will be difficult for you, because you don't have quite the right fingers; they are too large. And I am afraid that the strings3 would not hold up."

But no excuse would do. The little donkey insisted on learning to play the lute. He kept at it and practiced hard, and in the end he learned to play just as well as his teacher.

One day while taking a contemplative walk he came to a well, looked into it, and saw his donkey shape in the mirror-like water. This made him so sad that he set forth4 into the wide world, taking only a single loyal companion with him. They went this way and that way, finally coming to a kingdom where an old king ruled. He had only one daughter, but she was very beautiful.

The little donkey said, "This is where we will stay." He knocked at the gate and called out, "There is a guest out here. Open up and let him in." But they did not open the gate, so he took his lute and began to play it most beautifully with his two front feet.

That opened the gatekeeper's eyes, and he ran to the king, saying, "A little donkey is sitting outside the gate playing the lute as good as an accomplished5 master."

"Then let the musician in," said the king.

When the little donkey entered, they all began to laugh at the lute player. They sent him below to sit and eat with the servants, but he refused, saying, "I am not a common stall donkey, I am a noble one."

"If that is the case, then you can sit with the soldiers," they said.

"No," he replied, "I want to sit next to the king."

The king laughed and said with good humor, "So be it. If you insist, then just come here to me." Then he asked, "Little donkey, how do you like my daughter?"

The donkey turned his head toward her, looked her over, nodded, and then said, "Beyond all measure. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen."

"Then you should sit next to her," said the king.

"It is all right with me," said the little donkey, then took a seat at her side and ate, behaving himself like a real gentleman.

After the noble animal had stayed at the king's court for a good while, he thought to himself, "What is the use? I have to go home again." He sadly bowed his head, went to the king, and asked for his leave.

But the king, who liked him a great deal, said, "Little donkey, what is the matter with you. You look as sour as a vinegar jug6. I will give you whatever you ask for. Do you want gold?"

"No."

"Do you want precious things and jewelry7?"

"No."

"Do you want half of my kingdom?"

"Oh, no."

Then the king said, "If I only knew what would make you happy. Would you like to have my beautiful daughter as your wife?"

"Oh, yes," said the little donkey, and was suddenly happy and content, for that was exactly what he had wanted.

So they had a large and splendid wedding. That evening when the bride and the bridegroom were led into their bedroom, the king wanted to know if the little donkey would behave himself like a gentleman, so he had a servant hide himself there. When the couple was inside, the bridegroom bolted the door shut, looked around, and thinking that they were all alone, he pulled off his donkey skin and stood there as a handsome young man of royalty8.

He said, "Now you see who I am, and that I have been worthy9 of you."

The bride was delighted, kissed him, and loved him with all of her heart. The next morning he jumped up, put his animal skin on again, and no one would have thought what he was like beneath it.

The old king soon came by. "Aha," he said. "The little donkey is awake already!" Then he said to his daughter, "Are you sad that you do not have an ordinary human for a husband?"

"Not at all, father dear. I love him just as much as if he were the handsomest man, and I want to keep him as long as I live."

This surprised the king, but then the servant who had hid himself came and revealed everything to him. The king said, "That cannot be true!"

"Then you keep watch tonight, and you will see it with your own eyes. And do you know what, your majesty10? If you take the skin away from him and throw it into the fire, then he will have to show himself in his real form."

"Your advice is good," said the king, and that evening while they slept, he crept into their room, and when he came to their bed, by the light of the moon he saw a proud young man lying there. The skin was lying on the floor. He took it away, had an enormous fire built outside, and had the skin thrown into it. He himself stayed there until it had burned entirely11 to ashes. He stayed awake and kept watch the entire night, because he wanted to see what the robbed man would do. When the young man awoke at the first light of morning, he got up and wanted to put on the donkey skin, but he could not find it.

Terrified, he spoke12 with sadness and fear, "I will have to run away."

He left the room, and the king, who was standing13 there, said, "My son, where are you going in such a hurry? Just what do you have in mind? Stay here. You are such a handsome man. Don't leave me. I will give you half my kingdom for now, and after my death you shall receive the other half."

"I wish a good conclusion for this good beginning," said the young man. "I shall stay here with you."

Then the old man gave him half his kingdom. He died a year later, and then he had the whole kingdom, and after the death of his father, another one as well. And he had a glorious life.

從前，有個(gè)國王和王后，他們很富有，簡直享有一切他們所希望的東西，只是沒有孩子。王后為此日夜傷感，說：“我就像塊不長莊稼的地。”上帝最后成全了他，給他了個(gè)孩子，但這孩子根本不像人，而是頭小毛驢。母親不見則已見了叫苦連天，她說自己寧可不要孩子也不愿有頭驢，并且還想把他扔進(jìn)河里讓魚吃掉。但國王卻說：“別這樣，既然上帝把他賜給我們，他就該是我的兒子和繼承人，在我死后戴上王冠坐上皇帝的寶座。”就這樣，這驢子被養(yǎng)了下來，慢慢長大了，它的耳朵又細(xì)又長，向上直伸著。這驢兒天性活潑，到處跳躍、游戲，且特別愛好音樂。於是他走到一位有名的樂師那里，說“把你的本領(lǐng)教給我吧，我要把琴彈得和你一樣好。”“啊，小少爺，”樂師說，“這對(duì)你來說就難了，你的手指實(shí)在太粗，不是塊彈琴的料。我怕琴弦經(jīng)不起。”但他的推脫沒用，驢兒要彈琴，非學(xué)彈琴不可。他學(xué)起來又勤快、又刻苦，最后練得竟和師傅一樣好了。

有一次，這小主人出去散步，腦子正在思考著甚么，不覺來到了一口井邊。他往水中一瞧，見水面清澈如鏡，那兒有自己的驢子模樣。他懊喪極了，便帶了忠實(shí)的仆人離家出走，到了很遠(yuǎn)的地方。他們四處漂泊，最后來到了一個(gè)王國，統(tǒng)治這個(gè)國家的是位年邁的國王，不過他有一位美麗絕倫的獨(dú)身女。驢兒說：“我們就在這兒呆下吧！”說著就去敲城門，“外邊有客，快開門讓他進(jìn)來！”有人說但是大門沒有打開。他於是坐了下來，取出他的琴，伸出兩只前腿彈起琴來，音樂非常優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽。守城門的人聽得睜大了眼，趕忙跑去報(bào)告國王：“門外坐著頭驢子，琴兒彈得有大師那么棒。”“讓那位音樂家到我這兒來吧！”國王說。當(dāng)那驢兒一進(jìn)來，所有的人都稱讚起這位彈琴的來，他們讓他坐下來和仆人一塊兒吃飯，他卻很不樂意，說：“我可不是頭普通的驢子，我可是位貴族。”他們說：“如果你真是位貴族，就和武士們坐一起吧。”“不，我要坐在國王身旁。”國王微微一笑，很幽默地說：“好吧，就照你的意思辦。小毛驢，到我這兒來吧。”然后他又問：“小毛驢，你覺得我女兒怎么樣？”驢兒轉(zhuǎn)過頭看著她，點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，說“實(shí)在太美了！我還沒見過像她這樣漂亮的女孩。”“那么，好吧，你也該挨著她坐吧！”國王說。“那我是求之不得的呢！”驢兒一邊說，一邊緊挨著公主坐下。他又吃又喝，既舉止優(yōu)雅，又注意清潔衛(wèi)生。

這高貴的驢兒在宮里住了一些時(shí)，他想：“這一切對(duì)我有何用呢？我得回家去。”於是他便難過地垂下了頭，來到國王跟前，請求能讓他走。但國王已經(jīng)喜歡上他了，便說：“小毛驢，你甚么事兒不開心？你看起來就像一缸醋一樣酸溜溜的。你要甚么我就給你甚么，你要金子嗎？”“不，”驢兒搖頭說。“你要珠寶和華貴的服裝嗎？”“不。”“我分給你半個(gè)王國，好嗎？”“啊呀，不。”於是，國王說：“甚么能教你開心，你是不是想娶我的寶貝女兒做妻子？”“啊，是的是的。”他一下子變得高興起來，那確實(shí)是他所希望的。於是他們舉行了隆重而豪華的婚禮。新婚之夜，新郎和新娘被帶進(jìn)了洞房，國王想知道驢兒是不是舉止溫文爾雅，便命一個(gè)仆人躲在那里。他們雙雙走進(jìn)了新房，新郎閂上了門，他以為只有他們倆在那里，只見他摔脫了身上的皮，站在那兒，竟是個(gè)英俊瀟灑的青年。

篇3

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A peasant had driven his cow to the fair and sold her for seven talers. On the way home he had to walk past a pond, and already from afar he heard the frogs crying, "ak, ak, ak, ak" [which in his language sounded like, "eight, eight, eight, eight"].

"Well," he said he to himself, "they are talking nonsense. It is seven that I was paid, not eight."

When he reached the water, he shouted to them, "You are stupid creatures. Don't you know any better than that? It is seven talers, not eight."

The frogs, however, kept up with their "ak, ak, ak, ak."

"Now then, if you won't believe it, I can count it out for you." Then taking his money out of his pocket, he counted out the seven talers, twenty-four groschens in each one.

However, the frogs paid no attention to his counting, and again cried out, "ak, ak, ak, ak."

"Aha!" shouted the peasant, quite angry. "If you think that you know better than I do, then count it yourselves," and he threw all the money at them into the water. He stood still, wanting to stay there until they were finished and had returned his money to him, but the frogs did not budge1 from their opinion, and continued to cry out, "ak, ak, ak, ak." And furthermore, they did not throw the money back to him.

He waited a long time, until evening finally came, and he had to go home. Then he cursed the frogs, shouting at them, "You water-splashers, you thick-heads, you goggle-eyes, you have big mouths and can shout until a person's ears hurt, but you cannot count seven talers. Do you think that I want to stand here until you are finished?"

Then he walked away, with the frogs still crying out after him, "ak, ak, ak, ak." He arrived at home in a sour mood.

Some time later he bought himself another cow, which he slaughtered2. He calculated that if he sold the meat for a good price, he could earn as much as the two cows had been worth together, and have the hide as well.

He went to town with the meat. An entire pack of dogs had gathered together just outside the town gate, with a large greyhound at the head of the pack. The greyhound jumped at the meat, sniffing3 and barking, "bow, wow, bow, wow."

When the dog would not stop, the peasant said to him, "Yes, I understand that you are saying, "bow, wow," because you want some of the meat, but I would be in a fine state if I gave it to you."

The dog's only answer was, "bow, wow."

"Will you not eat it all up, and will you be responsible for your companions?"

"Bow, wow, " said the dog.

"Well, if you insist on it, I will leave it with you. I know you well, and I know who your master is. But I am telling you, I must have my money in three days, or you will be sorry. You can just bring it out to me."

With this he unloaded the meat and turned back toward home. The dogs jumped on the meat, barking loudly, "bow, wow."

The peasant heard them from afar and said to himself, "Listen, they all want some, but the big dog will be responsible for it."

When three days had passed, the peasant thought, "Tonight you'll have the money in your pocket," and was quite satisfied. But no one came to pay him.

"No one is to be trusted nowadays," he said.

Finally he lost his patience and went to town and to the butcher, from whom he demanded his money. The butcher thought it was a joke, but the peasant said, "All joking aside, I want my money. Did not the big dog bring home to you an entire slaughtered cow three days ago?"

Then the butcher grew angry, picked up a broomstick and chased him out.

"Wait," said the peasant. "There is still some justice in the world," and he went to the royal palace and asked for a hearing. He was led before the king, who was sitting there with his daughter. The king asked him what injury he had suffered.

"Alas4," he said, "the frogs and the dogs stole my belongings5 from me, and the butcher paid me for my losses with a stick." Then he told them everything that had happened.

At this the king's daughter began to laugh out loud, and the king said to him, "I cannot make that right for you, but instead you shall have my daughter for your wife. She had never laughed before in her whole life, until just now at you, and I have promised her to the man who could make her laugh. You can thank God for your good fortune."

"Oh," answered the peasant, "I do not want her. I have one wife at home already, and she is too much for me. Whenever I go home, it is just as if I had a wife standing6 in every corner."

Then the king grew angry, and said, "You are a lout7."

"Alas, your majesty8," answered the peasant, "what can you expect from an ox, but beef?"

"Wait," replied the king. "You shall have another reward. Get out of here for now, but come back in three days, and then five hundred shall be counted out for you in full."

When the peasant passed through the gate, the sentry9 said, "You made the king's daughter laugh, so you must have received something very good."

"Yes, that is right," answered the peasant. "Five hundred are to be counted out to me."

"Listen," said the soldier. "Give me some of it. How can you spend all that money?"

"Because it is you," said the peasant, "you shall have two hundred. In three days report to the king, and have it counted out for you."

A Jew, who had been standing nearby and had overheard the conversation, ran after the peasant, took hold of his coat, and said, "Miracle of God, what a child of fortune you are! I will change it for you. I will change it for you into smaller coins. What do you want with hard talers?"

"Jew," said the peasant, "You can have three hundred. Give it to me right now in coins. Three days from now you will be paid for it by the king."

The Jew was delighted with his small profit, and brought the sum in bad groschens, three of which were worth two good ones. After three days had passed, in keeping with the king's order, the peasant went before the king.

"Pull off his coat," said the king "He shall have his five hundred."

"Alas," said the peasant, "they no longer belong to me. I gave two hundred of them to the sentry, and the Jew has changed three hundred for me, so rightfully nothing more belongs to me."

In the meantime the soldier and the Jew entered and demanded what they had received from the peasant, and they received the blows carefully counted out.

The soldier bore it patiently, for he already knew how it tasted, but the Jew cried out pitifully, "Oh my, oh my, are these the hard talers?"

The king had to laugh at the peasant, and when his anger had subsided10, he said, "Because you lost your reward even before you received it, I will replace it for you. Go into my treasure chamber11 and take as much money for yourself as you want."

The peasant did not need to be told twice, and he stuffed as much as would fit into his big pockets. After that he went to an inn and counted out his money.

The Jew had crept after him and heard him muttering to himself, "That rascal12 of a king has cheated me after all. If he himself had given me the money, then I would know how much I have. Now how can I know if what I had the luck to put into my pockets is right?"

"God forbid," said the Jew to himself, "he is speaking disrespectfully of his majesty. I will run and report him, and then I shall get a reward, and furthermore he will be punished."

When the king heard what the peasant had said he fell into a rage, and ordered the Jew to go and bring the offender13 to him.

The Jew ran to the peasant and said, "You are to go to his majesty the king at once, and just as you are."

"I know better than that what is right," answered the peasant. "First let me have a new coat made for myself. Do you think that a man with so much money in his pockets should go before the king in this tattered14 old coat?"

The Jew, seeing that the peasant could not be moved without another coat, and fearing that if the king's anger cooled, he himself would lose his reward, and the peasant his punishment, said, "Out of pure friendship I will lend you a handsome coat for a little while. What people will not do for love!"

The peasant was satisfied with this, put on the Jew's coat, and went off with him.

The king confronted the peasant with the evil things the Jew had accused him of saying.

"Oh," said the peasant, "what a Jew says is always a lie. No true word ever comes out of his mouth. That rascal there is even capable of claiming that I have his coat on."

"What are you saying?" shouted the Jew. "Is that coat not mine? Did I not lend it to you out of pure friendship, so that you could appear before his majesty the king?"

When the king heard this, he said, "For sure the Jew has deceived one of us, either myself or the peasant." And once again he had the Jew paid out in hard talers.

The peasant, however, went home wearing the good coat and with the good money in his pockets, saying to himself, "This time I made it."#p#

從前有個(gè)農(nóng)夫，趕著一頭母牛去集市出售，結(jié)果賣了七個(gè)銀幣。在回家的路上，他經(jīng)過一個(gè)池塘，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地就聽到青蛙們在叫：「呱——呱——呱——呱——。「嘿，農(nóng)夫自言自語地說，「你們真是在胡說八道。我只賣了七個(gè)銀幣，不是八個(gè)。他走到池塘邊，沖著青蛙喊道：「你們這些愚蠢的東西！難道你們還沒有搞清楚嗎？是七個(gè)銀幣，不是八個(gè)！可是青蛙還在那里叫著：「呱，呱，呱，呱。「我說，要是你們真的不相信，我可以數(shù)給你們看。農(nóng)夫說著便從口袋里掏出錢來數(shù)，并把二十個(gè)小錢算成一個(gè)銀幣，結(jié)果數(shù)來數(shù)去還是七個(gè)銀幣，然而青蛙們根本不管他數(shù)出來的錢是多少，只管一個(gè)勁地叫著：「呱，呱，呱，呱。「甚么？農(nóng)夫生氣地喊道，「要是你們自以為懂得比我還多，那你們就自己去數(shù)吧。他說著把錢全部扔進(jìn)了水里。他站在池塘邊，等待著青蛙們把錢數(shù)完后還給他，可是青蛙們卻固執(zhí)己見，仍然叫著：「呱，呱，呱，呱。牠們再也沒有把錢還回來。農(nóng)夫在那里等了很久，一直等到天黑，才不得不回家。臨走的時(shí)候，他大聲罵青蛙：「你們這些水鬼，你們這些蠢貨，你們這些闊嘴巴、鼓眼睛的傢伙！你們整天吵得別人耳朵根不得清靜，而你們居然連七個(gè)銀幣都數(shù)不清！你們以為我會(huì)一直呆在這里等著你們把錢數(shù)清嗎？他說完這番話就走了，而青蛙們還在喊著：

「呱，呱，呱，呱，氣得他到家時(shí)仍然憋著一肚子氣。

過了一陣子，農(nóng)夫又買了一頭牛，把牠宰了。他一算計(jì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不僅可以掙回兩頭牛的錢，而且還白得一張牛皮。於是，他把肉運(yùn)到了城里；可是城門口有一大群狗，領(lǐng)頭的是一只大狼犬。大狼犬圍著牛肉跳來跳去，一面聞一面「汪，汪，汪地叫著。農(nóng)夫看到自己怎么也制止不了牠，便對(duì)牠說：「是的，是的，我知道你那 '汪，汪，汪'的意思。你是想吃點(diǎn)肉，可要是我們?nèi)饨o了你，我自己就倒霉了！但是狼犬只是回答「汪，汪，汪。「那么你愿不愿意答應(yīng)不把肉全吃完，并且愿意為其他狗作擔(dān)保呢？「汪，汪，汪，狼犬叫著。「好吧，要是你硬要這么做，我就把肉都留在這里。我認(rèn)識(shí)你，也知道你在誰家當(dāng)差。我把話說在頭里，你必須在三天內(nèi)把錢還給我，不然我叫你好看！你可以把錢送到我家去。說著，農(nóng)夫就把肉卸在地上，轉(zhuǎn)身回家去了。那群狗一下子撲到牛肉上，大聲叫著：「汪，汪，汪！

農(nóng)夫在遠(yuǎn)處聽到牠們的叫聲，自言自語地說：「聽啊，牠們現(xiàn)在都想吃一點(diǎn)，但賬得由那頭大狼犬付。

三天過去了，農(nóng)夫想：「今晚我的錢就可以裝在我的口袋里了。想到這里，他非常高興。然而誰也沒有來給他還錢。「這年月誰也不能相信！他說。到最后他終於不耐煩了，只好進(jìn)城找屠夫要錢。屠夫以為他是在開玩笑，可是農(nóng)夫說：「誰和你開玩笑？我要我的錢！難道你的那條大狼犬三天前沒有把一整頭牛的肉給你送來嗎？屠夫這次真的發(fā)火了，一把抓起掃帚把農(nóng)夫趕了出去。「你等著，農(nóng)夫說，「這世界上還有公道呢！他說著就跑到王宮去喊冤，結(jié)果被帶去見國王。國王正和公主坐在一起，他問農(nóng)夫有甚么冤屈。「天哪！他說，「青蛙和狗把我的錢拿走了，屠夫不但不認(rèn)賬，還用掃帚打我。接著，他把事情從頭至尾講了一遍，逗得公主開心地哈哈大笑。國王對(duì)他說：「這件事情我無法為你主持公道，不過我可以把我女兒嫁給你。她一輩子還從來沒有像笑你那樣大笑過；我許過愿，要把她嫁給能使她發(fā)笑的人。你能交上這樣的好運(yùn)，真得感謝上帝！

「哦，農(nóng)夫回答，「我才不想娶你女兒呢。我已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)老婆，而這個(gè)老婆我都嫌多。每次我回到家里，總覺得到處都有她似的。國王一聽就生了氣，說：「你真是個(gè)蠢貨！「嗨，國王老爺，農(nóng)夫說，「除了牛肉，你還能指望從牛身上得到甚么呢？「等等，國王說，「我另外給你一樣獎(jiǎng)賞吧。你現(xiàn)在去吧，過三天再回來。我要給你整整五百塊銀元。

農(nóng)夫從宮門出來時(shí)，衛(wèi)兵問他：「你把公主逗笑了，肯定得到甚么獎(jiǎng)賞了吧？「我想是吧，農(nóng)夫說，「國王要給我整整五百塊銀元呢。「你聽我說，衛(wèi)兵說，「你要那么多錢干甚么？分一點(diǎn)給我吧！「既然是你嘛，農(nóng)夫說，「我就給你兩百塊吧。你三天后去見國王，讓他把錢付給你好了。站在旁邊的一位猶太人聽到了他們的談話，趕緊追上農(nóng)夫，拽著他的外衣說：「我的天哪，你的運(yùn)氣真好啊！你要那些大銀元做甚么？把它們換給我吧，我給你換成小錢。「猶太人，農(nóng)夫說，「你還有三百塊銀元好拿，趕緊把小錢給我吧。三天后讓國王把錢給你好了。猶太人很高興自己佔(zhàn)到了便宜，給農(nóng)夫拿來了一些壞銅錢。這種壞銅錢三枚只能值兩枚。三天過去了，農(nóng)夫按國王的吩咐，來到了國王的面前。國王突然說道：「脫掉他的外衣，給他五百板子。「嗨，農(nóng)夫說道，「這五百已經(jīng)不屬於我了。我把其中的兩百送給了衛(wèi)兵，把另外的三百換給了猶太人，所以它們根本不屬於我。就在這時(shí)，衛(wèi)兵和猶太人進(jìn)來向國王要錢，結(jié)果分別如數(shù)挨了板子。衛(wèi)兵因?yàn)閲L過板子的滋味，所以挺了過來；猶太人卻傷心地說：「天哪，天哪，這就是那些沉重的銀元嗎？國王忍不住對(duì)農(nóng)夫笑了，怒氣也消失了。他說：「既然你在得到給你的獎(jiǎng)賞之前就已經(jīng)失去了，我愿意給你一些補(bǔ)償。你到我的寶庫去取一些錢吧！愿意拿多少就拿多少。這句話農(nóng)夫一聽就懂，把他的大口袋裝得滿滿的，然后他走進(jìn)一家酒店，數(shù)著他的錢。猶太人悄悄跟在他的后面，聽見他在低聲嘀咕：「那個(gè)混蛋國王到底還是把我給騙了！他干嗎不自己把錢給我呢？這樣我就能知道他究竟給了我多少。他現(xiàn)在讓我自己把錢裝進(jìn)口袋，我怎么知道有多少錢呢？「我的天哪，猶太人心中想道，「這個(gè)傢伙居然在說國王大人的壞話。我要跑去告訴國王，這樣我就能得到獎(jiǎng)賞，而這傢伙就會(huì)受到懲罰。

國王聽了農(nóng)夫說過的話大發(fā)雷霆，命令猶太人去把農(nóng)夫抓來。猶太人跑到農(nóng)夫那里，對(duì)他說：「國王讓你趕緊去見他。「我知道怎么去更好，農(nóng)夫回答，「我要先請裁縫給我做件新外套。你認(rèn)為口袋里裝著這么多錢的人能穿著這身舊衣服去見國王嗎？猶太人看到農(nóng)夫怎么也不愿意穿著舊衣服去見國王，怕時(shí)間一長國王的怒火平息了，自己會(huì)得不到獎(jiǎng)賞，農(nóng)夫也會(huì)免遭懲罰，便對(duì)他說：「純粹是出於友誼，我暫時(shí)把我的外套借給你。為了友愛，人可是甚么事情都肯做的呀！農(nóng)夫?qū)@種安排很滿意，便穿上猶太人的外套，和他一起去見國王。

國王責(zé)問農(nóng)夫?yàn)樯趺匆f猶太人所告發(fā)的那些壞話。

篇4

The Golden Key

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once in the wintertime when the snow was very deep， a poor boy had to go out and fetch wood on a sled. After he had gathered it together and loaded it， he did not want to go straight home， because he was so frozen1， but instead to make a fire and warm himself a little first. So he scraped2 the snow away， and while he was thus clearing the ground he found a small golden key. Now he believed that where there was a key， there must also be a lock， so he dug in the ground and found a little iron chest. “If only the key fits！” he thought. “Certainly there are valuable things in the chest.” He looked， but there was no keyhole. Finally he found one， but so small that it could scarcely3 be seen. He tried the key， and fortunately it fitted. Then he turned it once， and now we must wait until he has finished unlocking4 it and has opened the lid. Then we shall find out what kind of wonderful things there were in the little chest.

隆冬，積雪覆蓋大地，一個(gè)貧苦的小男孩不得不出門，滑著雪橇去拾柴。揀到柴，把它們捆起來后，小男孩多么希望他不必立刻回家，能就地升上一堆火暖暖身子啊，他快凍僵了。於是他把雪扒到一邊，清理出一塊地方來，這時(shí)他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把小小的金鑰匙。他想，既然鑰匙在，鎖也一定就在附近，便往地里挖，挖出了個(gè)鐵盒子。“要是這鑰匙能配這鐵鎖就好了！”他想，“那小盒子里一定有許多珍寶。”他找了找，卻找不到鎖眼。最后他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小孔，小得幾乎看不見。他試了試，鑰匙正好能。他轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)了鑰匙，現(xiàn)在我們要等一等，待他把鐵盒子打開，揭開蓋子，就會(huì)知道盒子里有甚么好東西了。

篇5

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A king had a daughter who was beautiful beyond all measure, but at the same time so proud and arrogant1 that no suitor was good enough for her. She rejected one after the other, ridiculing2 them as well.

Once the king sponsored a great feast and invited from far and near all the men wanting to get married. They were all placed in a row according to their rank and standing3. First came the kings, then the grand dukes, then the princes, the earls, the barons4, and the aristocracy. Then the king's daughter was led through the ranks, but she objected to something about each one. One was too fat: "The wine barrel," she said. Another was too tall: "Thin and tall, no good at all." The third was too short: "Short and thick is never quick." The fourth was too pale: "As pale as death." The fifth too red: "A prize rooster." The sixth was not straight enough: "Green wood, dried behind the stove."

And thus she had some objection to each one, but she ridiculed6 especially one good king who stood at the very top of the row, and whose chin had grown a little crooked7. "Look!" she cried out, laughing, "He has a chin like a thrush's beak8." And from that time he was called Thrushbeard.

Now the old king, seeing that his daughter did nothing but ridicule5 the people, making fun of all the suitors who were gathered there, became very angry, and he swore that she should have for her husband the very first beggar to come to his door.

A few days later a minstrel came and sang beneath the window, trying to earn a small handout9.

When the king heard him he said, "Let him come up."

So the minstrel, in his dirty, ragged10 clothes, came in and sang before the king and his daughter, and when he was finished he asked for a small gift.

The king said, "I liked your song so much that I will give you my daughter for a wife."

The king's daughter took fright, but the king said, "I have taken an oath to give you to the very first beggar, and I will keep it."

Her protests did not help. The priest was called in, and she had to marry the minstrel at once. After that had happened the king said, "It is not proper for you, a beggar's wife, to stay in my palace any longer. All you can do now is to go away with your husband."

The beggar led her out by the hand, and she had to leave with him, walking on foot.

They came to a large forest, and she asked, "Who owns this beautiful forest?"

"It belongs to King Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable11 thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Afterwards they crossed a meadow, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful green meadow?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Then they walked through a large town, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful large town?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

"I do not like you to always be wishing for another husband," said the minstrel. "Am I not good enough for you?"

At last they came to a very little hut, and she said, "Oh goodness. What a small house. Who owns this miserable tiny hut?"

The minstrel answered, "This is my house and yours, where we shall live together."

She had to stoop in order to get in the low door.

"Where are the servants?" said the king's daughter.

"What servants?" answered the beggar. "You must do for yourself what you want to have done. Now make a fire at once, put some water on to boil, so you can cook me something to eat. I am very tired."

But the king's daughter knew nothing about lighting12 fires or cooking, and the beggar had to lend a hand himself to get anything done at all. When they had finished their scanty13 meal they went to bed. But he made her get up very early the next morning in order to do the housework.

For a few days they lived in this way, as well as they could, but they finally came to the end of their provisions.

Then the man said, "Wife, we cannot go on any longer eating and drinking here and earning nothing. You must weave baskets." He went out, cut some willows14, and brought them home. Then she began to weave baskets, but the hard willows cut into her delicate hands.

"I see that this will not do," said the man. "You had better spin. Perhaps you can do that better." She sat down and tried to spin, but the hard thread soon cut into her soft fingers until they bled.

"See," said the man. "You are not good for any sort of work. I made a bad bargain with you. Now I will try to start a business with pots and earthenware15. You must sit in the marketplace and sell them."

"Oh!" she thought. "If people from my father's kingdom come to the market and see me sitting there selling things, how they will ridicule me!"

But her protests did not help. She had to do what her husband demanded, unless she wanted to die of hunger.

At first it went well. People bought the woman's wares16 because she was beautiful, and they paid her whatever she asked. Many even gave her the money and let her keep the pots. So they lived on what she earned as long as it lasted. Then the husband bought a lot of new pottery17. She sat down with this at the corner of the marketplace and set it around her for sale. But suddenly there came a drunken hussar galloping18 along, and he rode right into the pots, breaking them into a thousand pieces. She began to cry, and was so afraid that she did not know what to do.

"Oh! What will happen to me?" she cried. "What will my husband say about this?" She ran home and told him of the misfortune.

"Who would sit at the corner of the marketplace with earthenware?" said the man. "Now stop crying. I see very well that you are not fit for any ordinary work. Now I was at our king's palace and asked if they couldn't use a kitchen maid. They promised me to take you. In return you will get free food."

The king's daughter now became a kitchen maid, and had to be available to the cook, and to do the dirtiest work. In each of her pockets she fastened a little jar, in which she took home her share of the leftovers19. And this is what they lived on.

It happened that the wedding of the king's eldest20 son was to be celebrated21, so the poor woman went up and stood near the door of the hall to look on. When all the lights were lit, and people, each more beautiful than the other, entered, and all was full of pomp and splendor22, she thought about her plight23 with a sad heart, and cursed the pride and haughtiness24 which had humbled26 her and brought her to such great poverty.

The smell of the delicious dishes which were being taken in and out reached her, and now and then the servants threw her a few scraps27, which she put in her jar to take home.

Then suddenly the king's son entered, clothed in velvet28 and silk, with gold chains around his neck. When he saw the beautiful woman standing by the door he took her by the hand and wanted danced with her. But she refused and took fright, for she saw that he was King Thrushbeard, the suitor whom she had rejected with scorn.

Her struggles did not help. He pulled her into the hall. But the string that tied up her pockets broke, and the pots fell to the floor. The soup ran out, and the scraps flew everywhere. When the people saw this, everyone laughed and ridiculed her. She was so ashamed that she would rather have been a thousand fathoms29 beneath the ground. She jumped out the door and wanted to run away, but a man overtook her on the stairs and brought her back. And when she looked at him, it was King Thrushbeard again.

He said to her kindly30, "Don't be afraid. I and the minstrel who has been living with you in that miserable hut are one and the same. For the love of you I disguised myself. And I was also the hussar who broke your pottery to pieces. All this was done to humble25 your proud spirit and to punish you for the arrogance31 with which you ridiculed me."

Then she cried bitterly and said, "I was terribly wrong, and am not worthy32 to be your wife."

But he said, "Be comforted. The evil days are past. Now we will celebrate our wedding."

Then the maids-in-waiting came and dressed her in the most splendid clothing, and her father and his whole court came and wished her happiness in her marriage with King Thrushbeard, and their true happiness began only now.

I wish that you and I had been there as well. #p#

從前， 有一位國王， 膝下有一個(gè)女兒， 美麗非凡， 卻因此而傲慢無理， 目中無人， 求婚的人里沒有誰中她的意。 她不但一個(gè)接一個(gè)地拒絕他們的美意， 而且還對(duì)人家冷嘲熱諷。

有一回， 國王舉行盛大宴會(huì)， 邀請了各地所有希望結(jié)婚的男子。 先入席的是幾個(gè)國王， 接著入席的是王子、公爵、伯爵和男爵，最后入席的是其余所有應(yīng)邀而來男子。 公主走過這個(gè)行列， 可對(duì)每一位橫挑鼻子豎挑眼， 這位太胖啦， 她就用輕蔑的口氣說道： “好一個(gè)啤酒桶。 ”那個(gè)呢， 又高又瘦， 她就評(píng)頭論足地說道： “活像一只大蚊子。 ”下一個(gè)呢， 太矮啦……“五大三粗， 笨手笨腳。 ”她又說道。 第四個(gè)呢，臉色太蒼白啦， “一具死尸。 ”；第五個(gè)， 臉太紅潤……“一只公火雞。 ”第六個(gè)呢， 身板兒不夠直……“像一快放在爐子后面烤干的彎木頭。 ”就這樣， 她看誰都不順眼。

有一位國王， 下巴長得有點(diǎn)兒翹， 更是免不了遭到她的大肆嘲笑挖苦。 “我的天哪！ ”她一邊放聲大笑一邊高聲地說， “瞧這家伙的下巴呀， 長得跟畫眉嘴一模一樣啊！ ”打那以后， 這位國王就落了個(gè)諢名——畫眉嘴。 老國王發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒只是在嘲弄人家，對(duì)每個(gè)前來求婚的人都嗤之以鼻， 便大動(dòng)干火， 發(fā)誓要把她嫁給第一個(gè)上門來討飯的叫花子。

幾天以后， 一個(gè)走街竄巷賣唱的人在王宮的窗下唱起歌來， 想討一點(diǎn)兒施舍。 國王聽見了歌聲， 便吩咐把這個(gè)人帶來見他。 賣唱的衣衫襤褸， 骯臟齷齪， 來到國王和公主面前唱了起來， 唱完便懇求給他一點(diǎn)兒賞賜。

國王對(duì)他說： “你的歌讓我很開心， 我就把我的女兒許配給你吧。 ”

公主一聽， 嚇得渾身發(fā)抖， 國王卻接著說： “我發(fā)過誓， 要把她嫁給第一個(gè)到這兒來討飯的叫花子， 我得言而有信。 ”

抗旨不遵完全是徒勞的。 于是， 請來了牧師， 為公主和這個(gè)走街竄巷賣唱的人舉行了婚禮。

婚禮結(jié)束后， 國王說道： “現(xiàn)在你已是一個(gè)叫花子的老婆了， 不宜再留宮中。 你和你丈夫快上路吧。 ”

叫花子牽著她的手往外就走， 公主不得不跟著他離開了王宮。 他們倆來到一片大樹林前面， 公主問： “這片樹林是誰的”

賣唱的便回答道：“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽了回答說：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王就好啦。 ”

隨后， 他們倆來到一片綠草地， 公主又問： “這片美麗的綠草地是誰的”“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

于是， 公主又唉聲嘆氣地說：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王就好啦。 ”

接著， 他們倆來到一座大城市， 公主又問： “這座美麗的城市是誰的”“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽了說：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王該多好啦。 ”“你老是渴望嫁給另一個(gè)男人， ”賣唱的說， “我聽了真氣憤。 難道我配不上你嗎”

最后， 他們倆來到一所很小的房子前， 她大聲地問：“這么小的房子我還沒見過，天哪， 它會(huì)是什么人的窩賣唱的回答說： ”這是我的房子， 也是你的家， 我們就共同生活在這里。 “

房門又矮又小， 公主進(jìn)去時(shí)， 不得不彎下腰來， 不然就會(huì)碰了頭。“傭人在哪兒呢”公主問道。“哪來的傭人呀。 ”叫花子回答說， “干什么事你都得自己動(dòng)手。 喏， 你得快點(diǎn)兒把火生起來， 把水燒開， 然后給我煮飯。 我已經(jīng)累得不行了。 ”

可是， 公主哪里會(huì)生火煮飯呀， 叫花子只得自己動(dòng)手， 不然就得挨餓。 他們的晚飯很簡單， 晚飯后， 就休息了。 誰知第二天一大早， 他就把她趕下床， 逼著她做家務(wù)事。

他們就這樣過了幾天， 吃完了所有的存糧， 丈夫于是說： “老婆， 你看， 咱們這樣光吃飯， 不掙錢， 可怎么活下去呀， 你來編筐子吧。 ”

說罷， 他就出去砍了些柳枝， 扛回家來。 公主開始編筐子， 可柳枝又粗又硬， 把她嬌嫩的雙手全弄傷了。“我覺得， ”丈夫說， “這樣不行啊， 別編筐子啦， 你還是紡線吧， 也許你會(huì)在行些。 ”

于是， 她開始坐下來試著紡線， 可是紗線很粗糙， 把她柔軟的手指勒得鮮血直流。“你看看， ”丈夫又說道， “這算怎么一回事嘛。 你什么也干不了， 娶了你當(dāng)老婆， 我算倒霉透啦。 現(xiàn)在我得做一做陶器生意， 賣鍋碗瓢盆什么的。 你呢， 得到市場上去叫賣。 ”“天哪， ”她心想， “要是我父親王國里的人來趕集， 看到我在那兒叫賣鍋碗瓢盆， 他們一定會(huì)嘲笑我的！ ”

可是， 又有什么別的出路呢不然就得活活餓死。 一開始， 她的生意還不錯(cuò)。 人們見她長得漂亮， 都來買她的東西， 而且連價(jià)也不還。 的確， 有幾個(gè)人付了錢， 卻又把鍋?zhàn)幼鳛槎Y物送給她。

夫妻倆靠她賣來的錢生活了一段時(shí)間， 然后丈夫又進(jìn)了一批陶器。 她坐在市場的一個(gè)角落里， 把鍋碗瓢盆什么的擺放在自己的周圍，叫賣起來。 誰知一個(gè)喝得醉熏熏的騎兵突然打這兒急馳而過， 那匹馬沖進(jìn)她的貨攤， 把所有的陶器踩得粉碎。 公主放聲大哭， 束手無策。“我的天呀， 我該怎么辦哪”她嗚咽著說， “我丈夫會(huì)怎么罵我呀。 ”于是， 她跑回家里， 跟丈夫說了自己的遭遇。“你是一個(gè)賣陶器的小販子， 哭管什么用， ”她丈夫說， “你什么活兒也干不了。 我只得跑到咱們國王的宮殿里， 打聽了一下你能不能在那兒當(dāng)個(gè)幫廚女傭。 人家答應(yīng)先試用一段時(shí)間， 還有， 你在那里可以白吃飯。 ”

這樣一來，公主就變成了幫廚女傭。 她給大師傅打下手， 干各種最臟的活兒。 她在衣服里縫了一個(gè)口袋， 在口袋里放了一只帶蓋的罐子， 每天把殘羹剩飯盛在里面， 帶回家中糊口。

為了慶祝國王的長子滿十八歲， 國王舉行了盛大的舞會(huì)。 在那個(gè)不同尋常的夜晚， 可憐的年輕女傭躲在上面大廳的門后， 偷偷地觀望。她目睹著蠟燭一根根點(diǎn)燃， 賓客們一個(gè)個(gè)步入大廳， 全都衣著華麗， 光彩照人。 面對(duì)眼前富麗堂皇、令人眼花繚亂的景像，她不無哀傷地想起自己悲慘的命運(yùn)， 站在那里幾乎泣不成聲。 自己一向傲慢無理， 目中無人， 才落到今天這般貧窮凄慘的境地， 她感到痛悔不已。美味佳肴端進(jìn)端出， 香味撲鼻， 她饞得口水直流， 仆人們不時(shí)扔給她一些殘?jiān)２耍?她便裝進(jìn)罐子里， 準(zhǔn)備帶回家去。

國王的長子身著天鵝絨和綢緞衣服， 衣服上鑲嵌著鉆石， 脖子上掛著金項(xiàng)鏈， 正朝大廳走去， 發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)可憐的女子站在門后，正偷偷地觀望著舞會(huì)的情景， 王子一把抓住她的手， 要和她跳舞， 她卻不肯。 她認(rèn)出這位王子正是曾經(jīng)向她求過婚，被她嘲弄侮辱過的那個(gè)畫眉嘴國王， 不禁嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。 可是， 不管她怎樣掙扎， 王子還是硬將她拉進(jìn)了舞廳。 不料， 她用來系口袋的線繩，就在這時(shí)斷了， 罐子一下子滾了出來， 湯湯水水流了一地， 殘?jiān)２巳龅玫教幎际恰?人們一見哄堂大笑， 她成了眾人的笑柄，羞愧得恨不得有個(gè)地縫鉆進(jìn)去。 她朝門口沖了過去， 想要逃走， 可在臺(tái)階上被一個(gè)男子攔住了去路， 又給拉了回來。 她定睛一看，這個(gè)男子又是畫眉嘴國王， 國王用親切和藹的語氣對(duì)她說：“別怕， 我和那個(gè)跟你生活在破破爛爛的小房子里的叫花子， 原本是一個(gè)人哪。 我很愛你， 才喬裝打扮成叫花子；那個(gè)喝得醉熏熏的、沖進(jìn)你的貨攤， 把陶器踩得粉碎的騎兵， 也是我呀。 我做這些， 全是為了克服你的傲慢無禮， 懲罰你對(duì)新郎的嘲弄。 ”

公主聽罷， 痛哭流涕， 抽泣著對(duì)國王說： “我真是太不應(yīng)該了， 不配做您的妻子。 ”

篇6

Once upon a time there was a miller1. He lived contentedly2 with his wife. They had money and land, and their prosperity increased from year to year. But misfortune comes overnight. Just as their wealth had increased, so did it decrease from year to year, until finally the miller scarcely owned even the mill where he lived. He was in great distress4, and when he lay down after a day's work, he found no rest, but tossed and turned in his bed, filled with worries.

One morning he got up before daybreak and went outside, thinking that the fresh air would lighten his heart. As he was walking across the mill dam, the first sunbeam was just appearing, and he heard something rippling5 in the pond.

Turning around, he saw a beautiful woman rising slowly out of the water. Her long hair, which she was holding above her shoulders with her soft hands, flowed down on both sides, and covered her white body. He saw very well that she was the nixie of the pond, and he was so frightened that he did not know whether to run away or stay where he was. But the nixie, speaking with a soft voice, called him by name and asked him why he was so sad.

At first the miller was speechless, but when he heard her speak so kindly6, he took heart and told her how he had lived with good fortune and wealth, but that now he was so poor that he did not know what to do.

"Be at ease," answered the nixie. "I will make you richer and happier than you have ever been before. You must only promise to give me that which has just been born in your house."

"What else can that be," thought the miller, "but a young dog or a young cat," and he promised her what she demanded.

The nixie descended7 into the water again, and consoled and in good spirits he hurried back to his mill. He had not yet arrived there when the maid came out of the front door and called out to him that he should rejoice, for his wife had given birth to a little boy.

The miller stood there as though he had been struck by lightning. He saw very well that the cunning nixie had known this and had cheated him. With his head lowered he went to his wife's bed. When she said, "Why are you not happy with the beautiful boy?" he told her what had happened to him, and what kind of a promise he had given to the nixie.

"What good to me are good fortune and prosperity," he added, "if I am to lose my child? But what can I do?"

Even the relatives who had come to congratulate them did not have any advice for him.

In the meantime, good fortune returned to the miller's house. He succeeded in everything that he undertook. It was as though the trunks and strongboxes filled themselves of their own accord, and as though money in a chest multiplied overnight. Before long his wealth was greater than it had ever been before. However, it did not bring him happiness without concern, for his agreement with the nixie tormented8 his heart. Whenever he passed the pond he feared she might appear and demand payment of his debt.

He never allowed the boy himself to go near the water. "Beware!" he said to him. "If you touch the water a hand will appear, take hold of you, and pull you under."

However, year after year passed, and the nixie made no further appearance, so the miller began to feel at ease.

The boy grew up to be a young man and was apprenticed9 to a huntsman. When he had learned this trade and had become a skilled huntsman, the lord of the village took him into his service. In the village there lived a beautiful and faithful maiden10 whom the huntsman liked, and when his master noticed this, he gave him a little house. The two were married, lived peacefully and happily, and loved each other sincerely.

One day the huntsman was pursuing a deer. When the animal ran out of the woods and into an open field he followed it and finally brought it down with a single shot.

He did not notice that he was in the vicinity of the dangerous millpond, and after he had dressed out the deer, he went to the water in order to wash his blood-stained hands. However, he had scarcely dipped them into the water when the nixie emerged. Laughing, she wrapped her wet arms around him, then pulled him under so quickly that waves splashed over him.#p#副標(biāo)題#e#

When it was evening and the huntsman did not return home, his wife became frightened. She went out to look for him. He had often told her that he had to be on his guard against the nixie's snares11, and that he did not dare to go near the millpond, so she already suspected what had happened. She hurried to the water, and when she found his hunting bag lying on the bank, she could no longer have any doubt of the misfortune. Crying and wringing12 her hands, she called her beloved by name, but to no avail. She hurried across to the other side of the millpond, and called him anew. She cursed the nixie with harsh words, but no answer followed. The surface of the water remained calm; only the moon's half face stared steadily13 back up at her.

The poor woman did not leave the pond. With fast strides, never stopping to rest, she walked around it again and again, sometimes in silence, sometimes crying out loudly, sometimes sobbing14 softly. Finally her strength gave out, and she sank down to the ground, falling into a heavy sleep. She was soon immersed in a dream.

She was fearfully climbing upwards15 between large rocky cliffs. Thorns and briers were hacking16 at her feet. Rain was beating into her face. The wind was billowing her long hair about. When she reached the top a totally different sight presented itself to her. The sky was blue, a soft breeze was blowing, the ground sloped gently downwards17, and in a green meadow, dotted with colorful flowers, stood a neat cottage. She walked up to it and opened the door. There sat an old woman with white hair, who beckoned18 to her kindly.

At that moment, the poor woman awoke. It was already daylight, and she decided19 at once to follow her dream. With difficulty she climbed the mountain, and everything was just as she had seen it during the night. The old woman received her kindly, showing her a chair where she was to sit.

"You must have met with misfortune," she said, "having sought out my lonely cottage."

The woman related with tears what had happened to her.

"Be comforted," said the old woman. "I will help you. Here is a golden comb for you. Wait until the full moon has risen, then go to the millpond, sit down on the bank and comb your long black hair with this comb. When you are finished set it down on the bank, and you will see what will happen."

The woman returned home, but the time passed slowly for her until the full moon came. Finally the shining disk appeared in the heaven, and she went out to the millpond, sat down, and combed her long black hair with the golden comb. When she was finished she set it down at the water's edge. Before long there came a motion from beneath the water. A wave arose, rolled onto the bank, and carried the comb away with it. In not more time than it took for the comb to sink to the bottom, the surface of the water parted, and the huntsman's head emerged. He said nothing, only looking at his wife with sorrowful glances. That same instant a second wave rushed up and covered her husband's head. Then everything vanished. The millpond lay as peaceful as before, with only the face of the full moon shining on it.

Filled with sorrow, the woman returned, but she saw the old woman's cottage in a dream.

The next morning she again set out and told her sorrows to the wise woman. The old woman gave her a golden flute20, and said, "Wait until the full moon comes again, then take this flute. Sit on the bank and play a beautiful tune3 on it. When you are finished set it in the sand. Then you will see what will happen."

The woman did what the old woman had told her to do. No sooner was the flute lying in the sand than there was a motion from beneath the water, and a wave rushed up and carried the flute away with it. Immediately afterwards the water parted, and not only her husband's head, but half of his body emerged as well. He stretched out his arms longingly21 towards her, but a second wave rushed up, covered him, and pulled him down again.

"Oh, what does it help me," said the unhappy woman, "for me only to see my beloved and then to lose him again?"

Despair filled her heart anew, but a dream led her a third time to the old woman's house. She went there, and the wise woman gave her a golden spinning wheel, comforted her, and said, "Everything is not yet fulfilled. Wait until the full moon comes, then take the spinning wheel, sit on the bank, and spin the spool23 full. When you have done this place the spinning wheel at the water's edge, and you will see what will happen."

The woman did everything exactly as she had been told. As soon as the full moon appeared she carried the golden spinning wheel to the bank, and span diligently24 until she was out of flax, and the spool was completely filled with thread. She had scarcely placed the wheel on the bank when there was a more violent motion than before from the water's depth. Then a powerful wave rushed up and carried the wheel away with it.

Immediately the head and the whole body of her husband emerged in a waterspout. He quickly jumped to the bank, caught his wife by the hand, and fled. They had gone only a little distance when the entire millpond arose with a terrible roar, then with terrible force streamed out across the countryside. The fugitives25 saw death before their eyes, when the wife in her terror called out for the old woman to help them, and they were instantly transformed, she into a toad26, he into a frog.

The flood which had overtaken them could not destroy them, but it separated them and carried them far away. When the water receded27 and they both reached dry land again, their human forms returned again, but neither knew where the other one was. They found themselves among strange people who did not know their native land. High mountains and deep valleys lay between them. In order to earn a living, they both had to herd28 sheep. For long years they drove their flocks through fields and woods, and were filled with sorrow and longing22.

One day when spring had once again broken forth29 on the earth, they both went out with their flocks, and as chance would have it, they moved toward one another. He saw a herd on a distant mountainside and drove his sheep toward it. They met in a valley but did not recognize one another, but they were happy that they were no longer so alone. From then on every day they drove their flocks next to each other. They did not speak much, but they did feel comforted.

One evening when the full moon was shining in the sky, and the sheep were already at rest, the shepherd took his flute out of his pocket and played on it a beautiful but sorrowful tune. When he had finished he saw that the shepherdess was crying bitterly.

"Why are you crying? he asked.

篇7

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

An old woman lived in a village. She had gathered a serving of beans and wanted to cook them, so she prepared a fire in her fireplace. To make it burn faster she lit it with a handful of straw. While she was pouring the beans into the pot, one of them fell unnoticed to the floor, coming to rest next to a piece of straw. Soon afterward1 a glowing coal jumped out of the fireplace and landed next to them.

The straw said, "Dear friends, where do you come from?"

The coal answered, "I jumped from the fireplace, to my good fortune. If I had not forced my way out, I surely would have died. I would have burned to ash."

The bean said, "I too saved my skin. If the old woman had gotten me into the pot I would have been cooked to mush without mercy, just like my comrades."

"Would my fate have been any better?" said the straw. "The old woman sent all my brothers up in fire and smoke. She grabbed sixty at once and killed them. Fortunately I slipped through her fingers."

"What should we do now?" asked the coal.

"Because we have so fortunately escaped death," answered the bean, "I think that we should join together as comrades. To prevent some new misfortune from befalling us here, let us together make our way to another land."

This proposal pleased the other two, and they set forth2 all together.

They soon came to a small brook3, and because there was neither a bridge nor a walkway there, they did not know how they would get across it.

Then the straw had a good idea, and said, "I will lay myself across it, and you can walk across me like on a bridge."

So the straw stretched himself from one bank to the other. The coal, who was a hot-headed fellow, stepped brashly onto the newly constructed bridge, but when he got to the middle and heard the water rushing beneath him, he took fright, stopped, and did not dare to go any further. Then the straw caught fire, broke into two pieces, and fell into the brook. The coal slid after him, hissed4 as he fell into the water, and gave up the ghost.

The bean who had cautiously stayed behind on the bank had to laugh at the event. He could not stop, and he laughed so fiercely that he burst. Now he too would have died, but fortunately a wandering tailor was there, resting near the brook. Having a compassionate5 heart, he got out a needle and thread and sewed the bean back together.

The bean thanked him most kindly6. However, because he had used black thread, since that time all beans have had a black seam.

一座村子里住著一位貧窮的老太太，她摘了一盤豆子，準(zhǔn)備煮熟了吃。她在爐子里點(diǎn)上火，為了讓爐子燒得快一點(diǎn)，她生爐子的時(shí)候用了一把麥草。當(dāng)把豆子倒進(jìn)鍋里時(shí)，她沒有注意到一粒豆子掉了出來，落在地上的一根麥草旁。不一會(huì)兒，一塊燃燒的煤炭也從爐子中跳了出來，落在它倆的旁邊。於是，麥草開口說：「親愛的朋友們，你們從哪里來呀？煤塊答道：「我總算幸運(yùn)地從火里跳出來了。要是我沒有使勁跳出來，我必死無疑，一定會(huì)被燒成灰燼。豆子說：「我也成功地逃了出來，可要是那老太太把我倒進(jìn)了鍋?zhàn)樱铱隙〞?huì)像我的夥伴們一樣，被她毫不留情地煮成濃湯。「難道我不是不幸中之萬幸嗎？麥草問，「那個(gè)老太太把我所有的兄弟塞進(jìn)爐火里，變成了輕煙。她一把就抓住了六十根，要了它們的命。幸好我從她的指縫里溜掉了。

「可我們現(xiàn)在怎么辦呢？煤塊問。

篇8

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a man whose wife died, and a woman whose husband died. The man had a daughter, and the woman also had a daughter. The girls were acquainted with each other and went for a walk together. Afterwards they came to the woman in her house.

The woman said to the man's daughter, "Listen, tell your father that I would like to marry him, and then you shall wash yourself in milk every morning and drink wine, but my own daughter shall wash herself in water and drink water."

The girl went home and told her father what the woman had said.

The man said, "What shall I do? Marriage is a joy, but also a torment1."

Finally, being unable to reach a decision, he pulled off his boot and said, "Take this boot. It has a hole in its sole. Take it to the attic2, hang it on the big nail, and then pour water into it. If it holds the water, then I shall again take a wife, but if the water runs through it, then I shall not."

The girl did as she was told, but the water pulled the hole shut, and the boot filled up to the top. She told her father what had happened. Then he himself went up, and when he saw that she was right, he went to the widow and wooed her, and the wedding was held.

The next morning when the two girls got up, there was milk for the man's daughter to wash in and wine for her to drink, but there was water for the woman's daughter to wash herself with and water for her to drink. On the second morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter as well as for the woman's daughter. And on the third morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter, and milk for washing and wine to drink for the woman's daughter, and so it continued.

The woman became her stepdaughter's worst enemy, and from one day to the next she did whatever she could to make the stepdaughter's life more miserable3. Furthermore, she was envious4 because her stepdaughter was beautiful and kind, while her own daughter was ugly and disgusting.

Once in winter, when everything was frozen as hard as a stone, and the hills and valleys were covered with snow, the woman made a dress of paper, called her stepdaughter, and said, "Here, put this dress on and go out into the woods and fetch me a basketful of strawberries. I have a longing5 for some."

"Good heaven." said the girl. "Strawberries don't grow in the winter. The ground is frozen, and furthermore the snow has covered everything. And why am I to go out in this paper dress? It is so cold outside that one's breath freezes. The wind will blow through the dress, and the thorns will tear it from my body."

"Will you contradict me?" said the stepmother. "Be on your way, and do not let me see you again until you have the basketful of strawberries." Then she gave her a little piece of hard bread and said, "You can eat from this all day," while thinking, "You will freeze and starve to death out there, and I shall never see you again."

The girl obeyed and put on the paper dress and went out with the basket. There was nothing but snow far and wide, and not a green blade was to be seen. After coming into the woods she saw a small house. Three little dwarfs6 peeped out. She greeted them and gently knocked on the door.

They shouted, "Come in," and she went into the room and sat down on the bench by the stove to warm herself and eat her breakfast.

The dwarfs said, "Give us some of it, too."

"Gladly," she said, and broke her piece of bread in two, giving them half."

They asked, "What are you doing here in the woods in the wintertime and in your thin dress."

"Oh," she answered, "I am supposed to gather a basketful of strawberries, and am not allowed to go home until I have them."

When she had eaten her bread they gave her a broom and said, "Sweep away the snow next to the back door."

Once she was outside, the three little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so polite and good and sharing her bread with us."

The first one said, "I grant her that every day she shall grow more beautiful."

The second one said, "I grant her that gold pieces shall fall from her mouth every time she speaks a word."

The third one said, "I grant her that a king shall come and take her to wife."

The girl did what the dwarfs told her to, and with the broom she swept the snow away from behind the little house, and what do you think she found? Nothing other than ripe strawberries, which came up out of the snow quite dark red. Joyfully7 she gathered her basketful, thanked the little men, shook hands with each of them, then ran home to take her stepmother what she had demanded.

Upon entering she said, "Good-evening," and a piece of gold fell out of her mouth. Then she told what had happened to her in the woods, but with every word she spoke8 gold pieces fell from her mouth, and soon the whole room was covered with them.

"Just look at her arrogance," shouted the stepsister, "to throw gold about in such a manner." But she was secretly envious, and she too wanted to go into the woods to look for strawberries.

The mother said, "No, my dear little daughter, it is too cold. You could freeze to death."

However, her daughter gave no peace, so finally the mother gave in. She sewed a magnificent fur coat for her and had her put it on. She gave her buttered bread and cake for her journey.

The girl went into the woods and straight up to the little house. The three little dwarfs peeped out again, but she did not greet them. Without looking at them and without greeting them, she stumbled into the room, sat down by the stove, and began to eat her buttered bread and cake.

"Give us some of it," shouted the little men.#p#

She replied, "There is not enough for me myself. How can I give some of it to others?"

When she was finished eating they said, "Here is a broom for you. Sweep in front of the back door."

"Sweep for yourselves," she answered. "I am not your maid."

Seeing that they were not going to give her anything, she walked out the door.

Then the little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so impolite and having a wicked and envious heart that will never let her give a thing to anyone?"

The first one said, "I grant that every day she shall grow uglier."

The second one said, "I grant that a toad9 shall jump out of her mouth with every word she says."

The third one said, "I grant that she shall die an unfortunate death."

The girl looked outside for strawberries, but finding none, she went home angrily. And when she opened her mouth to tell her mother what had happened to her in the woods, a toad jumped out of her mouth with every word she said, so that everyone was repulsed10 by her.

The stepmother now became even more angry, and she could think of nothing else but how she could torment the man's daughter, who nonetheless grew more beautiful every day. Finally she took a kettle, set it on the fire, and boiled yarn11 in it. When it was boiled, she hung it on the poor girl's shoulder, gave her an ax, and told her to go to the frozen river, chop a hole in the ice, and rinse12 the yarn. She obeyed, went to the river and chopped a hole in the ice. While she was chopping, a splendid carriage approached, with the king seated inside.

The carriage stopped, and the king asked, "My child, who are you, and what are you doing here?"

"I am a poor girl, and I am rinsing13 yarn."

The king felt compassion14, and when he saw how very beautiful she was, he said to her, "Will you ride with me?"

"Gladly," she answered, for she was happy to get away from the mother and sister.

So she got into the carriage and rode away with the king. When they arrived at his palace their wedding was celebrated15 with great pomp, just as the little men had promised the girl.

A year later the young queen gave birth to a son, and when the stepmother heard of her good fortune, she came with her daughter to the palace, pretending that she wanted to pay her a visit. But when the king went out, and no one else was present, the wicked woman seized the queen by the head, and her daughter seized her by the feet, and lifting her out of her bed, they threw her out the window into the stream that flowed by.

After that the ugly daughter lay down in the bed, and the old woman covered her up over her head. When the king returned and wanted to speak to his wife, the old woman said, "Quiet. Quiet. You cannot talk to her now. She has a very high fever. You must let her rest today."

The king suspected no evil, and did not return until the next morning. As he then talked with his wife, and she answered him, a toad jumped out with every word, whereas previously16 a piece of gold had fallen out. When he asked what was the matter, the old woman said that it came from her high fever, and that she would soon lose it.

During the night the kitchen boy saw a duck swimming along the gutter17, and it said, "King, what are you doing? Are you awake or are you asleep?"

Receiving no answer, it said, "What are my guests doing?"

Then the kitchen boy answered, "They are fast asleep."

She asked further, "What is my little baby doing?"

He answered, "He is sound asleep in his cradle."

Then, in the form of the queen, she went upstairs, nursed the baby, fluffed up his cover, tucked him in, and then she swam off through the gutter as a duck.

She came in the same manner for two nights. On the third night, she said to the kitchen boy, "Go and tell the king to take his sword and on the threshold to swing it over me three times."

The kitchen boy ran and told this to the king, who came with his sword and swung it over the spirit three times, and after the third time, his wife was standing18 before him, vigorous, alive, and healthy, as she had been before.

The king was elated, but he kept the queen hidden in a room until the Sunday when the baby was to be baptized. At the baptism he said, "What does a person deserve who drags someone out of bed and throws him into the water?"

The old woman answered, "The scoundrel deserves nothing better than to be put into a barrel stuck full of nails, and then rolled downhill into the water."

Then the king said, "You have pronounced your own sentence."

He ordered such a barrel to be brought. The old woman and her daughter were put into it, and the top was hammered shut. Then the barrel was rolled downhill until it fell into the river. #p#

從前，有個(gè)男人死了妻子，有個(gè)女人死了丈夫。這個(gè)男人有個(gè)女兒，這個(gè)女人也有個(gè)女兒。兩個(gè)小姑娘互相認(rèn)識(shí)，經(jīng)常一起出去散步。有一天，她們散完步后一起來到女人的家里，女人對(duì)男人的女兒說：「聽著，告訴你爸爸，說我愿意嫁給他，從此你天天早晨都能用牛奶洗臉，還能喝上葡萄酒，而我自己的女兒只能用水洗臉，也只能喝清水。小姑娘回到家中，把女人的話告訴了她爸爸。男人說：「我該怎么辦呢？結(jié)婚是喜事，可也會(huì)帶來痛苦。他遲遲拿不定主意，最后脫下一只靴子，說：「這只靴子的底上有個(gè)洞。你把它拎到閣樓上去，把它掛在一根大釘子上，然后往里面灌些水。要是水沒有漏出來，我就再娶個(gè)妻子；可要是水漏了出來，我就不娶。姑娘按她父親所說的辦了。可是水使得洞脹攏了，靴子里灌滿了水也沒有漏出來。她把結(jié)果告訴了她父親，父親又親自上來察看，看到情況果然如此，便去向那寡婦求婚，然后舉行了婚禮。

第一天早晨，兩個(gè)姑娘起來后，在男人的女兒的面前果然放著洗臉的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒，而在女人的女兒的面前放著的只有洗臉的清水和喝的清水。第二天早晨，男人的女兒和女人的女兒的面前都放著洗臉的清水和喝的清水。到了第三天早晨，男人的女兒的面前放著洗臉用的清水和喝的清水，而女人的女兒的面前卻放著洗臉用的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒。以后天天都是這樣。那女人成了她繼女的死敵，對(duì)她一天壞似一天，她還萬分嫉妒她的繼女，因?yàn)樗睦^女美麗可愛，而她自己的女兒又丑又令人討厭。

冬天到了，一切都凍得像石頭一樣硬，山頂和山谷都被大雪覆蓋著。一天，女人用紙做了件衣服，把她的繼女叫過來，說：「聽著，你穿上這件衣服，到森林里去給我採一籃草莓，我很想吃。「天哪！姑娘說，「冬天怎么會(huì)有草莓呢？地上都結(jié)了冰，大雪把一切都蓋住了，再說，我怎么能穿著這身紙衣服出去呢？外面冷得連呼出的氣都能凍起來。風(fēng)會(huì)往這衣服里面吹，荊棘也會(huì)把它掛破的。「你敢跟我頂嘴？繼母說，「你快給我去！要是沒有採到一籃草莓，你就別想回來！然后她又給姑娘一小塊硬梆梆的麵包，說：「這是你一天的口糧，心里卻在想：「你在外面不會(huì)凍死也會(huì)餓死的，別想再回來煩我。

姑娘只好順從地穿上紙衣服，提著籃子走了出去。外面一片冰天雪地，連一棵綠草都找不到。她來到森林里后，看到一座小房子，里面有三個(gè)小矮人在向外張望。她向他們問好，然后輕輕地敲了敲門。他們叫「進(jìn)來，她便走進(jìn)屋，坐在爐子旁的長凳上烤火，吃她的早飯。小矮人們說：「也分一點(diǎn)給我們吧。「好的，她說著便把麵包掰成兩半，給了他們一半。他們問：「你大冬天穿著這身薄薄的衣服到森林里來干嗎？「唉，她回答，「我得採一籃草莓，否則我就回不了家了。等她吃完麵包后，他們遞給她一把掃帚，說：「去幫我們把后門的雪掃掉吧。可等她出去后，三個(gè)小矮人卻商量了起來：「她這么可愛，又把麵包分給了我們，我們送她甚么好呢？第一個(gè)矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：她一天比一天更美麗。第二個(gè)矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：她一開口說話就吐出金子來。第三個(gè)矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：一個(gè)國王娶她當(dāng)王后。

姑娘這時(shí)正按照他們的吩咐，用掃帚把小屋后面的雪掃掉。她看到了甚么？雪下面露出了紅彤彤的草莓！她高興極了，趕緊裝了滿滿一籃子，謝了小矮人，還和他們一一握手道別，然后帶著她繼母垂涎的東西跑回家去了。誰知，她進(jìn)門剛說了聲「晚上好，嘴里就掉出來一塊金子！於是，她把自己在森林里遇到的事情講了出來，而且每講一句，嘴里就掉出來一塊金子，弄得家里很快就堆滿了金子。「瞧她那副德行！繼母的女兒嚷道，「就這樣亂扔金子！她心里嫉妒得要命，也渴望著到森林里去採草莓。她母親卻說：「不行，我的好女兒，外面太冷了，你會(huì)凍死的。可是她女兒纏著不放，她最后只好讓步。她給女兒縫了件皮襖，硬要她穿上；然后又給她抹了黃油的麵包和蛋糕，讓她帶著路上吃。

這個(gè)姑娘進(jìn)了森林之后，逕直向小屋走去。三個(gè)小矮人又在屋里向外張望，可是她根本不和他們打招呼，既不看他們，也不和他們說話，大搖大擺地走進(jìn)屋，一屁股坐到爐子旁，吃起自己的麵包和蛋糕來。「分一點(diǎn)給我們吧，小矮人們說；可是她卻回答：「這都不夠我自己吃的，怎么能分給別人呢？等她吃完，他們又說：「這里有把掃帚，把后門的雪掃乾凈。她回答：「我又不是你們的傭人。看到他們不會(huì)給她任何禮物了，她便自己沖出了屋子。三個(gè)小矮人商量道：「像她這種壞心腸的小懶鬼，又不肯施舍給別人東西，我們該送她甚么呢？第一個(gè)矮人說：「我讓她長得一天比一天丑！第二個(gè)矮人說：「我讓她一開口說話就從嘴里跳出一只癩蛤蟆！第三個(gè)矮人說：「我讓她不得好死！姑娘在屋外找草莓，可一個(gè)也找不到，只好氣鼓鼓地回家去了。她開口給母親講自己在森林里的遭遇，可是，她每講一句話，嘴里就跳出來一只癩蛤蟆，把大家都嚇壞了。#p#

這一來繼母更是氣壞了，千方百計(jì)地盤算著怎么折磨丈夫的女兒，可是這姑娘卻長得一天比一天更美。終於，繼母取出一只鍋?zhàn)樱茉诨鸲焉希诶锩嬷缶€團(tuán)。線團(tuán)煮過之后，她把它撈出來，搭在姑娘的肩膀上，然后又給姑娘一把斧頭，讓她去結(jié)冰的小河，在冰面上鑿一個(gè)洞，在洞里漂洗線團(tuán)。姑娘順從地來到河邊，走到河中央鑿冰。她正鑿著，岸上駛來了一輛華麗的馬車，里面坐著國王。馬車停了下來，國王問：「姑娘，你是誰？在這里干甚么？「我是個(gè)可憐的女孩，在這里漂洗線團(tuán)。國王很同情她，而且又看到她長得這么美麗，便對(duì)她說：「你愿意和我一起走嗎？「當(dāng)然愿意啦。她回答，因?yàn)樗浅８吲d能離開繼母和繼母的女兒。姑娘坐到國王的馬車上，和國王一起回到宮中。他倆立刻就舉行了婚禮，正像三個(gè)小矮人許諾過的一樣。一年后，年輕的王后生下了一個(gè)兒子。她的繼母早已聽說她交上了好運(yùn)，這時(shí)也帶著親生女兒來到王宮，假裝是來看王后的。可是看到國王剛出去，而且旁邊又沒有別人，這壞心腸的女人就抓住王后的頭，她的女兒抓住王后的腳，把她從床上抬下來，從窗口把她扔進(jìn)了外面的大河里。然后，繼母的丑女兒躺在床上，老婆子從頭到腳把她蓋了起來。當(dāng)國王回到房間，想和他的妻子說話的時(shí)候，老婆子叫了起來：「噓，唬，不要打攪她，她現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)汗。今天不要打攪她。國王絲毫沒有懷疑，一直等到第二天早晨才過來。他和妻子說話，誰知她剛開口，嘴里就跳出來一只癩蛤蟆，而不像從前那樣掉出金子來。國王問這是怎么回事，老婆子便說這是發(fā)汗發(fā)出來的，很快就會(huì)好的。但是當(dāng)天夜里，王宮里的小幫工看見一只鴨子從下水道里游了出來，而且聽見它說：

「國王，你在做甚么？

你是睡著了還是醒著？

看到小幫工沒有回答，它又說：

「我的兩位客人在做甚么？

小幫工說：

「她們睡熟了。

鴨子又問：

「我的小寶寶在做甚么？

小幫工回答：

篇9

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time a mouse, a bird, and a sausage formed a partnership1. They kept house together, and for a long time they lived in peace and prosperity, acquiring many possessions. The bird's task was to fly into the forest every day to fetch wood. The mouse carried water, made the fire, and set the table. The sausage did the cooking.

Whoever is too well off always wants to try something different! Thus one day the bird chanced to meet another bird, who boasted to him of his own situation. This bird criticized him for working so hard while the other two enjoyed themselves at home. For after the mouse had made the fire and carried the water, she could sit in the parlor2 and rest until it was time for her to set the table. The sausage had only to stay by the pot watching the food cook. When mealtime approached, she would slither through the porridge or the vegetables, and thus everything was greased and salted and ready to eat. The bird would bring his load of wood home. They would eat their meal, and then sleep soundly until the next morning. It was a great life.

The next day, because of his friend's advice, the bird refused to go to the forest, saying that he had been their servant long enough. He was no longer going to be a fool for them. Everyone should try a different task for a change. The mouse and the sausage argued against this, but the bird was the master, and he insisted that they give it a try. The sausage was to fetch wood, the mouse became the cook, and the bird was to carry water.

And what was the result? The sausage trudged3 off toward the forest; the bird made the fire; and the mouse put on the pot and waited for the sausage to return with wood for the next day. However, the sausage stayed out so long that the other two feared that something bad had happened. The bird flew off to see if he could find her. A short distance away he came upon a dog that had seized the sausage as free booty and was making off with her. The bird complained bitterly to the dog about this brazen4 abduction, but he claimed that he had discovered forged letters on the sausage, and that she would thus have to forfeit5 her life to him.

Filled with sorrow, the bird carried the wood home himself and told the mouse what he had seen and heard. They were very sad, but were determined6 to stay together and make the best of it. The bird set the table while the mouse prepared the food. She jumped into the pot, as the sausage had always done, in order to slither and weave in and about the vegetables and grease them, but before she reached the middle, her hair and skin were scalded off, and she perished.

When the bird wanted to eat, no cook was there. Beside himself, he threw the wood this way and that, called out, looked everywhere, but no cook was to be found. Because of his carelessness, the scattered7 wood caught fire, and the entire house was soon aflame. The bird rushed to fetch water, but the bucket fell into the well, carrying him with it, and he drowned.#p#副標(biāo)題#e#

從前，有一只老鼠、一只小鳥和一根香腸住在一個(gè)家里，它們和睦相處，生活充滿了幸福和快樂。他們分工合作，積累不斷增加，變得十分富裕。小鳥每天飛到森林里去銜柴回來；老鼠擔(dān)水，生火，佈置飯桌；香腸則負(fù)責(zé)做飯。

一個(gè)人生活太順暢，就會(huì)開始變賴，會(huì)想著法子玩新花樣。有一天，小鳥遇到了另外一個(gè)朋友，它向朋友很自豪談起自己生活的愜意現(xiàn)狀。那只鳥卻嘲笑它是一個(gè)可憐的傻瓜，說它辛辛苦苦在外面干活，另兩個(gè)夥伴待在家里干輕松的活：老鼠每天生火、擔(dān)水之后就回到自己的房間里躺下休息，到了吃飯的時(shí)候才去擺好桌椅，鋪上桌布。香腸則坐在鍋?zhàn)优裕丝词澄锱胫蟮那闆r外，甚么事都不做。到了要吃飯的時(shí)候，只加一點(diǎn)油、鹽就算了事，不到一分鐘就干完了。小鳥聽了這些話，心里很不是滋味。它飛回家，把柴擔(dān)放在地上。大家和平時(shí)一樣一起坐在桌子邊吃飯，進(jìn)餐之后又都回房睡覺，一直睡到第二天早晨起來。

還有甚么生活比這種默契、合理分工的生活更令人滿意呢？

可是小鳥受了朋友的挑撥，第二天不想到森林里去了，還說自己一直在服待它們兩個(gè)，做了很久的傻子，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該交換一下工作，家務(wù)事應(yīng)該大家輪著來干。盡管老鼠和香腸苦苦勸說，講明它們這樣分工最合理，這樣才可能繼續(xù)維持正常的生活。但小鳥聽不進(jìn)去，堅(jiān)持它的提議。最后，它倆只好順著它。它們用抽籤的方式?jīng)Q定了這樣的分工：香腸去背柴，老鼠做飯，小鳥去擔(dān)水。

人要是離開了適合自己干的工作崗位時(shí)，會(huì)有甚么結(jié)果呢？

篇10

［關(guān)鍵詞］職業(yè)教育 文化傳統(tǒng) 關(guān)系研究

［中圖分類號(hào)］G640［文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼］A［文章編號(hào)］1009-5349（2011）09-0162-03

職業(yè)教育是在人類社會(huì)發(fā)展歷程中產(chǎn)生的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。職業(yè)教育誕生于工業(yè)化的社會(huì)大生產(chǎn)，由于產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的推動(dòng)和科學(xué)技術(shù)革命的發(fā)生，職業(yè)教育與廣泛的社會(huì)生活特別是人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活發(fā)生了緊密的聯(lián)系，因此人們往往習(xí)慣于從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來研究職業(yè)教育，來研究其價(jià)值和作用。但我國的職業(yè)教育發(fā)展并不符合經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的范式，有自己的特色，很多的問題并不能單純從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度進(jìn)行揭示。因而，從文化角度特別是中國文化傳統(tǒng)的角度進(jìn)行解釋就顯得尤為重要。進(jìn)而，探尋文化與教育特別是職業(yè)教育深刻的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，尋找我國職業(yè)教育進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的文化動(dòng)力和方向。

一、文化視野下的職業(yè)教育本質(zhì)

從文化的角度來研究職業(yè)教育，首先必須把握文化的概念，但“適用于一切學(xué)科的文化概念是不存在的，文化的概念是依據(jù)于特定的學(xué)科或研究主題的。”無論是英美的實(shí)證社會(huì)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)那樣從形態(tài)學(xué)、模式論和結(jié)構(gòu)論的觀點(diǎn)來看待文化，或是德國的思辨歷史哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)那樣從發(fā)展性和動(dòng)態(tài)性來看待文化都過于片面。“文化的發(fā)展在一定的歷史斷面總是表現(xiàn)為物質(zhì)化或形態(tài)化的形式，即表現(xiàn)為特定歷史時(shí)間的物質(zhì)文化、制度文化和觀念文化”。因此，我們在理解文化概念的時(shí)候，就必須同時(shí)兼顧到兩種哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，既要把握文化的本質(zhì)，又要注重文化的外部表現(xiàn)形式。

要把握文化的本質(zhì)，就必須將其同人和勞動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來，人是通過勞動(dòng)而創(chuàng)造文化的。勞動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的文化的外部表現(xiàn)形式是物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和精神產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)，人在創(chuàng)造這些物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和精神產(chǎn)品過程中也創(chuàng)造著自身，豐富著自己本身的力量和發(fā)展著自身與社會(huì)的各種關(guān)系。因此，文化的本質(zhì)即是“人的本質(zhì)的展現(xiàn)和形成的原因”。人通過勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了文化、創(chuàng)造了人――發(fā)展了的人。但是文化一旦被創(chuàng)造出來，便成為一種獨(dú)立于人的力量，成為人從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的制約因素，形成了人與文化的矛盾。而造成這種矛盾關(guān)系的并不僅僅是人類的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，而主要是從人類的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中分化出來的特殊實(shí)踐活動(dòng)――教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)在起作用。因?yàn)榻逃龑?shí)踐活動(dòng)一方面把前人創(chuàng)造的文化成果傳承下來，使人類文化不致中斷，并使其作為人們從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的基礎(chǔ)；另一方面，它又使人簡捷地獲得前人的文化成果，發(fā)展人的文化創(chuàng)造力。這就是說，從發(fā)展的角度來看，如果沒有教育，便不會(huì)形成文化與人的矛盾，也不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)文化與人的統(tǒng)一。因此，“文化―人―教育”構(gòu)成了一種特殊的關(guān)系，文化對(duì)教育的制約以及教育對(duì)文化的選擇都是通過人為紐帶的，因而教育與文化并不是直接作用的關(guān)系，教育是在文化與人的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系中起作用。

對(duì)于職業(yè)教育更是如此。職業(yè)教育根植于技術(shù)哲學(xué)，不僅具有教育屬性還具有職業(yè)屬性，因此職業(yè)教育不僅是構(gòu)成教育和文化之間矛盾的因素之一，也是構(gòu)成技術(shù)文化和教育之間矛盾的主要因素，而其作用的展現(xiàn)正是通過對(duì)人的影響得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。技術(shù)文化對(duì)人的深刻影響不僅會(huì)限制技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展，也會(huì)限制職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展；職業(yè)教育對(duì)人的強(qiáng)力作用不僅會(huì)促進(jìn)技術(shù)的提升，也會(huì)影響技術(shù)文化的傳播與發(fā)展。因此，文化視野下職業(yè)教育的本質(zhì)是傳承和創(chuàng)造技術(shù)文化，促進(jìn)人的技術(shù)技能提升。

二、文化傳統(tǒng)與職業(yè)教育的相互作用

很多人將影響和制約我國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化因素歸結(jié)為以儒家倫理道德思想為核心的傳統(tǒng)文化。這種認(rèn)識(shí)中，中國傳統(tǒng)文化一語的核心是文化，認(rèn)為文化造成了對(duì)職業(yè)教育的直接影響，但文化并不能直接對(duì)教育造成影響，而是通過對(duì)人的作用間接影響職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展，具體影響人們對(duì)職業(yè)教育的選擇、對(duì)職業(yè)教育產(chǎn)品――技術(shù)技能型人才的認(rèn)可和對(duì)技術(shù)技能型工作的關(guān)注和理解等。我國著名的文化學(xué)者莊錫昌等認(rèn)為：“文化的基本的核心由兩部分組成，一是傳統(tǒng)（即從歷史上得到并選擇）的思想，一是與他們有關(guān)的價(jià)值。”那么，影響我國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的到底是文化中的傳統(tǒng)還是其價(jià)值呢？（此處，“價(jià)值”并不是指經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值或商品價(jià)值，而是人類對(duì)于自我發(fā)展的本質(zhì)發(fā)現(xiàn)、創(chuàng)造與創(chuàng)新的要素本體，包括任意的物質(zhì)形態(tài)，也就是我們常說的“價(jià)值觀”中的價(jià)值。）人創(chuàng)造自我世界的一切發(fā)展即有價(jià)值，價(jià)值的核心本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵是自由人。所以，文化中的“價(jià)值”的核心是人，只能產(chǎn)生對(duì)人的影響，而這樣的影響的結(jié)果也只能限定在人的主觀世界中，對(duì)社會(huì)整體的影響是有限的，因?yàn)椴煌藢?duì)價(jià)值的主觀理解是不同的。因此，影響職業(yè)教育的應(yīng)是文化中內(nèi)涵的人民選擇的文化傳統(tǒng)。

在文化傳統(tǒng)這個(gè)術(shù)語中，傳統(tǒng)是個(gè)中心詞，文化是用來限定傳統(tǒng)的，即傳統(tǒng)是表述某種事物的概念，而不是用來表達(dá)時(shí)間的概念。由此可以看出文化傳統(tǒng)是指在人類的社會(huì)文化生活中逐漸形成，并作為歷史遺產(chǎn)代代傳遞、積累保存下來，直到現(xiàn)在還在產(chǎn)生影響的文化特質(zhì)、文化模式和文化要素的結(jié)合體。這種傳統(tǒng)一經(jīng)形成，便具有相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性。文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是傳統(tǒng)文化背后的精神連接，是活在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的文化，具有動(dòng)態(tài)流向。美國社會(huì)學(xué)家希爾斯指出：“它(傳統(tǒng))至少要持續(xù)三代人――無論長短――才能成為傳統(tǒng)。”文化傳統(tǒng)當(dāng)然存在于傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的文化現(xiàn)象中，但它更多的是指這些文化現(xiàn)象所隱含的規(guī)則、理念、秩序和所包含的信仰。它們?nèi)趨R于教育活動(dòng)過程之中，制約著教育活動(dòng)的方方面面。正如斯賓格勒所說：“一定社會(huì)特有的文化傳統(tǒng)滲透于社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面，強(qiáng)烈的制約著教育過程的進(jìn)行和人們養(yǎng)育子女的方式。”

（一）文化傳統(tǒng)對(duì)職業(yè)教育的影響

教育是一種傳承與延續(xù)文化的活動(dòng)，文化傳統(tǒng)作為人類創(chuàng)造所有文化成果中最具有生命力的文化的精粹，必然要對(duì)教育活動(dòng)及其活動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)的形成產(chǎn)生顯著的作用。文化傳統(tǒng)對(duì)職業(yè)教育的影響主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的價(jià)值觀。文化傳統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)民族獨(dú)特的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握世界的方式，有著自己固定的行為規(guī)范與思維方式，體現(xiàn)著獨(dú)特的民族心理和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。從廣義上說，中國文化傳統(tǒng)不但包括以儒家文化為核心并以文字符號(hào)所表達(dá)的政治、法律、哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等意識(shí)形態(tài)，還包括中國傳統(tǒng)的生活方式、行為方式、思維方式以及價(jià)值追求。中國幾千年的教育重視道德發(fā)展和人格完善，輕視主體對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的探求。我國的教育傳統(tǒng)是依靠道德的完善使人在社會(huì)生活、政治活動(dòng)諸領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的主體價(jià)值，有才無德是決然難以被接受的。職業(yè)教育的價(jià)值追求也就更多地注重于職業(yè)道德的培養(yǎng)和對(duì)職業(yè)的歸屬感。因此，職業(yè)教育本應(yīng)擁有的實(shí)利性的價(jià)值追求在我國是沒有的。

我國傳統(tǒng)教育奉行“文以載道”，極少涉及自然現(xiàn)象及科學(xué)技術(shù)方面的問題，至多只是按照“技進(jìn)于道”的文化觀念教育學(xué)生從自然現(xiàn)象與規(guī)律中悟出人生之道，而“技”本身不足為道，是“奇技巧”。因此，我國職業(yè)教育自身發(fā)展的土壤是沒有的，我國現(xiàn)代意義上的職業(yè)教育完全是照搬西方學(xué)制的產(chǎn)物。假使中國沒有被西方列強(qiáng)打開國門，一直維系著自身的發(fā)展，也不可能從本土誕生出以技藝發(fā)展和價(jià)值追求為核心的職業(yè)教育的。

2.文化傳統(tǒng)決定職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)容。一定的社會(huì)制度決定著一定的文化基礎(chǔ)，而一定文化基礎(chǔ)又決定著職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的內(nèi)容。科學(xué)技術(shù)知識(shí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值追求是職業(yè)技術(shù)教育內(nèi)容的重要方面，然而在我國的文化傳統(tǒng)中，“道”與“術(shù)”本來就是相互獨(dú)立的范疇，“道”中不包括“術(shù)”的成分，這樣“道”才可以“馭術(shù)”。因此傳統(tǒng)教育觀念重視文化歷史和道德倫理方面的知識(shí)，而輕視自然科學(xué)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。從漢代的取士制度到隋唐的科舉制度，都是注重道德倫理和法律文化方面的理論知識(shí)，忽略了科學(xué)技術(shù)和實(shí)際操作。職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)容仍深受這種理念的影響，側(cè)重于向?qū)W生傳授理論的東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)的傳授，忽視操作技能的培養(yǎng)，而職業(yè)教育的顯著特點(diǎn)恰恰就是其職業(yè)性和實(shí)踐性。

3.文化傳統(tǒng)限定職業(yè)教育的方式。中國文化傳統(tǒng)中蘊(yùn)含的思維更多地涉及精神層面的抽象，而不注重那些形式邏輯的辯論。因此，中國文化傳統(tǒng)中的思維更多的是一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)式思維，它傾向于對(duì)感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)作抽象的整體把握，而不是對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)作具體的概念分析；它重視對(duì)感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)的直接超越，因而缺少概念的確定性和明晰性，強(qiáng)調(diào)直覺思維而不善邏輯性的思維操作。而職業(yè)教育作為一門專門的技術(shù)技能教育，以實(shí)踐性操作為主，強(qiáng)調(diào)的恰恰是邏輯性的思維操作，因此我國的職業(yè)教育不能充分重視操作技能的培養(yǎng)也來源于此。我國的職業(yè)技術(shù)教育在其教學(xué)組織、教學(xué)方法及個(gè)性發(fā)展等方面都打著我國文化傳統(tǒng)的烙印。

4.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的社會(huì)地位。中國的文化傳統(tǒng)更多的強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的選拔功能，通過各種選拔性的考試進(jìn)行篩選，把人們分配到不同等級(jí)的學(xué)校、單位甚至賦予不同的社會(huì)地位。“學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕”和“勞心者治人，勞力者治于人”的傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響下，人們通常把科學(xué)家、企業(yè)家、高級(jí)干部、工程師、教授以及醫(yī)生等稱為“人才”，是“勞心”之人；而把普通工人、農(nóng)民以及營業(yè)員等稱為“勞動(dòng)力”，是“勞力”之人。社會(huì)上許多用人單位也常以學(xué)歷、文憑作為選拔、聘用人才的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由于學(xué)歷、文憑的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求較高，許多職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生參與競聘時(shí)，往往連競聘工作崗位的“入門證”都難以取得。因此，社會(huì)認(rèn)同感在很大程度上影響了職業(yè)院校的生源，從而影響了中國職業(yè)教育的健康發(fā)展。

（二）職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的作用

文化傳統(tǒng)通過作用于人來間接影響教育，教育并不選擇和傳播文化傳統(tǒng)，而是繼承了文化的價(jià)值，選擇并傳播創(chuàng)新過了的新的文化。這一切都是通過對(duì)人的教育而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。一方面，教育使人適應(yīng)文化，使人得到發(fā)展，又使文化適應(yīng)人，使之不至于成為人發(fā)展的障礙。另一方面，教育所培養(yǎng)的人，又創(chuàng)造出更復(fù)雜、更高深的文化成果。教育實(shí)現(xiàn)了文化與人的雙向建構(gòu)，即用文化完善人，又通過人來豐富文化，從而發(fā)展了文化與人的內(nèi)涵。職業(yè)教育根植于技術(shù)哲學(xué)與技術(shù)文化，它使人適應(yīng)的是實(shí)用性的技術(shù)文化，發(fā)展人的技能水平；同時(shí)，又使人通過自身的技術(shù)技能創(chuàng)造出新的技術(shù)，發(fā)展新的技能，更新技術(shù)文化。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的具體作用方式主要表現(xiàn)為：選擇和批判；傳承和傳播；適應(yīng)和創(chuàng)新。

1.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇和批判。文化選擇是文化變遷和文化發(fā)展過程中所產(chǎn)生的一種重要的文化現(xiàn)象，表現(xiàn)為對(duì)某種文化的自動(dòng)擷取或排斥。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇應(yīng)是技術(shù)性的、實(shí)用性的、功利性的；與之對(duì)比，普通教育對(duì)文化的選擇是經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的、理論性的、非功利性的。簡單地說，技術(shù)的發(fā)展是先有需求再有創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)的發(fā)展是先有研究再有應(yīng)用。文化批判則是職業(yè)教育按照自身的價(jià)值目標(biāo)和理想追求，對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的文化狀況進(jìn)行分析，做出肯定性或否定性的評(píng)價(jià)，引導(dǎo)社會(huì)文化向健康方向發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇和批判不僅能夠增強(qiáng)技術(shù)文化在社會(huì)文化中的地位，而且能夠設(shè)立職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化前提。由于在中國本土并沒有誕生自己的職業(yè)教育，就缺失了職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化的選擇和批判，中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中完全是“道”的世界，“術(shù)”為末次，這樣的文化氛圍的形成就是由于職業(yè)教育的缺位造成的。技術(shù)、實(shí)用、功利以至經(jīng)濟(jì)思想在我國及其匱乏，嚴(yán)重制約著社會(huì)發(fā)展。

2.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的傳承和傳播。文化的形成與該地區(qū)、民族、國家的文化傳統(tǒng)有著緊密的聯(lián)系，正如魯迅所分析的：“新的階級(jí)及其文化，并非突然從天而降，大抵是發(fā)達(dá)于對(duì)于舊支配者及其文化的反抗中，亦發(fā)達(dá)于和舊者的對(duì)立中，所以新文化仍然有所承傳，于舊文化也仍然有所擇取。”職業(yè)教育在傳遞社會(huì)文化的過程中，形成了自身關(guān)于教育目的、價(jià)值、功能和內(nèi)容選擇的基本認(rèn)識(shí)，從而決定了職業(yè)教育的不同形態(tài)及其在不同地區(qū)或國家的不同發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育在傳承文化過程中也不是一成不變的簡單復(fù)制，它可以結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)和社會(huì)需求使文化增殖并加以傳播，特別是職業(yè)教育對(duì)技術(shù)文化傳播和改造的作用是無法取代的。

3.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的適應(yīng)和創(chuàng)新。職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化發(fā)展的適應(yīng)，既是一種目標(biāo)，也是一個(gè)過程，是發(fā)展過程中的動(dòng)態(tài)適應(yīng)。就目標(biāo)意義的適應(yīng)來說，它是社會(huì)文化發(fā)展所要求的，也是職業(yè)教育所力求達(dá)到的，并且在達(dá)到階段性的適應(yīng)目標(biāo)后又在新的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生不適應(yīng)；就作為過程意義的適應(yīng)來說，在某一歷史時(shí)期，職業(yè)教育往往表現(xiàn)出一定的“時(shí)間差”，即職業(yè)教育與社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展保持著一定的距離。教育的文化創(chuàng)造功能在社會(huì)文化的形成中發(fā)揮著重要作用，各類教育都具有一定的文化創(chuàng)造功能，特別是高等教育創(chuàng)造高層次深含義的科學(xué)文化的作用是無法被取代的。人類的生活離不開科學(xué)技術(shù)，但科學(xué)是根植于學(xué)術(shù)體系的，科學(xué)的發(fā)展是不能發(fā)展技術(shù)文化的；而技術(shù)是根植于工作體系的，技術(shù)的發(fā)展不僅能夠繁榮和促進(jìn)社會(huì)文化的實(shí)用性，為生產(chǎn)力的提高和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供動(dòng)力，而且能夠促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展。因此，職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新也是其他教育所不能代替的。

中國今天的文化同歷史上的文化傳統(tǒng)一脈相承，在人們的思維中仍然殘留有文化傳統(tǒng)中重倫理、輕自然的習(xí)慣，職業(yè)教育在社會(huì)中的地位還未受到應(yīng)有的重視，社會(huì)民眾輕視甚至鄙視職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的心理還很普遍。所以中國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展需要經(jīng)歷一個(gè)艱難的過程，因?yàn)槠渖婕吧顚拥奈幕蛩亍?/p>

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]張應(yīng)強(qiáng).文化視野中的高等教育[M].南京:南京師范大學(xué)出版社,1999.

[2]莊錫昌等.多維視野中的文化理論[M].浙江:浙江人民出版社,1987.

[3]尤偉,劉玉杰.論傳統(tǒng)文化與技術(shù)文化的沖突[J].職業(yè)教育研究,2008(1):22-23.