老年醫學的現狀與展望范文
時間:2023-07-25 17:19:30
導語:如何才能寫好一篇老年醫學的現狀與展望,這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻,歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文,供你借鑒。
篇1
[關鍵詞] 老年病學;臨床見習;PBL教學
[中圖分類號] G643 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2016)04(a)-0139-04
[Abstract] General practitioners are designed to develop comprehensive medical and health professionals with the knowledge and skills of general practitioners. General medical education started late in our country, and the clinical teaching method is worth exploring. Senile disease has its particularity because of chronic disease, multi system disease, and is an important part of the education of the general practitioners. The essence of the PBL teaching method is to play the issue of learning guidance, to mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm, and to improve the students' comprehensive quality and ability, fit for geriatrics teaching in general medical students. In the process of clinical probation in the Department of Geriatrics, the teacher used "understand the problem, ask questions, analyze problems and to solve the problems " four teaching steps. Each step is student-centered and problem-based, and has achieved very good teaching effect. Application of PBL teaching method in clinical rounds in geriatrics clerkship can mobilize student initiative, self-consciousness, positive, and effectively improve the students self-learning ability, innovation ability, strong communication and collaboration skills, and cultivate the clinical thinking style and can effectively improve the graduate comprehensive clinical competence. It is worthy of popularization and application.
[Key words] Geriatrics; Clinical clerkship; Problem based learning
早在1969年,PBL教學模式由美國教授Barrows率先提出[1-2]。與傳統課堂教學法相比,PBL教學法是一種新的教學理念,它以醫學生為主體,以問題為基礎,在輔導教師的引導下,以小組為單位進行討論,圍繞具體病例的診治或某一醫學專題,及其所涵蓋的知識點進行主動學習,是一種突出培養學生自主學習和解決問題能力的啟發式教學模式[3-7],尤其適合于全科醫學生。全科醫學是一個面向社區和家庭,整合臨床醫學、康復醫學、預防醫學以及社會人文等學科相關內容為一體的綜合性醫學專業學科,臨床素質培養尤為重要[8]。老年人是全科醫學的重點保健人群,老年人的生理和心理特征及主要健康問題是全科醫學的重點問題[9-11]。理解和掌握老年醫學基礎知識,必將使醫學生更加適應未來臨床醫學發展和社會發展需要,為老年人提供更好的醫療服務打下堅實的基礎[12]。第四軍醫大學西京醫院(以下簡稱“我院”)全科醫學生在老年病科的臨床見習過程中,帶教老師探索應用PBL教學法,采用“認識問題、提出問題、分析問題和解決問題”四個步驟[13],在每一個步驟中,以學員為主體、以老師為主導、以任務為主線,展開小組討論,以期取得良好的教學效果。具體實施情況如下:
1 案例病史
男性患者,76歲,以“口干、多飲、多尿20年,雙眼瞼及四肢水腫20天”為主訴入院。患者于20年前無明顯誘因出現口干、多飲、多尿,就診于當地醫院檢查發現血糖高,空腹血糖為14 mmol/L,餐后血糖為19 mmol/L,診斷為2型糖尿病,給予“消渴丸”口服,后間斷口服“二甲雙胍”等藥物治療,血糖控制欠佳。20 d前患者出現雙眼瞼及四肢水腫,當地醫院給予利尿劑治療,患者四肢水腫無明顯減輕。患者入院前無明顯多食、乏力、消瘦,無視物模糊,無腹瀉便秘交替、手足麻木刺痛,以及活動后無胸痛、氣短,今為進一步診治,門診以“糖尿病”收入院。自發病以來,精神萎靡,飲食睡眠尚可,大便正常,體力較前下降。患者無高血壓、高脂血癥、高尿酸血癥等病史。父親、兄弟均患有糖尿病。
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