老年醫(yī)學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀與展望范文
時(shí)間:2023-07-25 17:19:30
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篇1
[關(guān)鍵詞] 老年病學(xué);臨床見習(xí);PBL教學(xué)
[中圖分類號] G643 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2016)04(a)-0139-04
[Abstract] General practitioners are designed to develop comprehensive medical and health professionals with the knowledge and skills of general practitioners. General medical education started late in our country, and the clinical teaching method is worth exploring. Senile disease has its particularity because of chronic disease, multi system disease, and is an important part of the education of the general practitioners. The essence of the PBL teaching method is to play the issue of learning guidance, to mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm, and to improve the students' comprehensive quality and ability, fit for geriatrics teaching in general medical students. In the process of clinical probation in the Department of Geriatrics, the teacher used "understand the problem, ask questions, analyze problems and to solve the problems " four teaching steps. Each step is student-centered and problem-based, and has achieved very good teaching effect. Application of PBL teaching method in clinical rounds in geriatrics clerkship can mobilize student initiative, self-consciousness, positive, and effectively improve the students self-learning ability, innovation ability, strong communication and collaboration skills, and cultivate the clinical thinking style and can effectively improve the graduate comprehensive clinical competence. It is worthy of popularization and application.
[Key words] Geriatrics; Clinical clerkship; Problem based learning
早在1969年,PBL教學(xué)模式由美國教授Barrows率先提出[1-2]。與傳統(tǒng)課堂教學(xué)法相比,PBL教學(xué)法是一種新的教學(xué)理念,它以醫(yī)學(xué)生為主體,以問題為基礎(chǔ),在輔導(dǎo)教師的引導(dǎo)下,以小組為單位進(jìn)行討論,圍繞具體病例的診治或某一醫(yī)學(xué)專題,及其所涵蓋的知識點(diǎn)進(jìn)行主動學(xué)習(xí),是一種突出培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)和解決問題能力的啟發(fā)式教學(xué)模式[3-7],尤其適合于全科醫(yī)學(xué)生。全科醫(yī)學(xué)是一個(gè)面向社區(qū)和家庭,整合臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)、預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)以及社會人文等學(xué)科相關(guān)內(nèi)容為一體的綜合性醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科,臨床素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)尤為重要[8]。老年人是全科醫(yī)學(xué)的重點(diǎn)保健人群,老年人的生理和心理特征及主要健康問題是全科醫(yī)學(xué)的重點(diǎn)問題[9-11]。理解和掌握老年醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識,必將使醫(yī)學(xué)生更加適應(yīng)未來臨床醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展和社會發(fā)展需要,為老年人提供更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)[12]。第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)全科醫(yī)學(xué)生在老年病科的臨床見習(xí)過程中,帶教老師探索應(yīng)用PBL教學(xué)法,采用“認(rèn)識問題、提出問題、分析問題和解決問題”四個(gè)步驟[13],在每一個(gè)步驟中,以學(xué)員為主體、以老師為主導(dǎo)、以任務(wù)為主線,展開小組討論,以期取得良好的教學(xué)效果。具體實(shí)施情況如下:
1 案例病史
男性患者,76歲,以“口干、多飲、多尿20年,雙眼瞼及四肢水腫20天”為主訴入院。患者于20年前無明顯誘因出現(xiàn)口干、多飲、多尿,就診于當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)血糖高,空腹血糖為14 mmol/L,餐后血糖為19 mmol/L,診斷為2型糖尿病,給予“消渴丸”口服,后間斷口服“二甲雙胍”等藥物治療,血糖控制欠佳。20 d前患者出現(xiàn)雙眼瞼及四肢水腫,當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院給予利尿劑治療,患者四肢水腫無明顯減輕。患者入院前無明顯多食、乏力、消瘦,無視物模糊,無腹瀉便秘交替、手足麻木刺痛,以及活動后無胸痛、氣短,今為進(jìn)一步診治,門診以“糖尿病”收入院。自發(fā)病以來,精神萎靡,飲食睡眠尚可,大便正常,體力較前下降。患者無高血壓、高脂血癥、高尿酸血癥等病史。父親、兄弟均患有糖尿病。
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