平凡的反義詞范文

時間:2023-03-29 21:37:00

導語:如何才能寫好一篇平凡的反義詞,這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻,歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文,供你借鑒。

篇1

平坦的反義詞

中文發音:平坦[píng tǎn]

詞語解釋:1、沒有高低凹凸。亦用于比喻,猶言沒有曲折,很順當。2、公平;直率。

反義詞:崎嶇、險峻、峻峭、陡立、陡峭、坎坷、凸凹

用平坦造句

1、我家門前是一片平坦而開闊的土地。

2、阿帕奇發射的反坦克導彈轟隆一下就炸平坦克剛才所處的土坡了。

3、清晨我背著書包去上學,走在寬闊平坦的馬路上,一輪紅日照耀著大地,我身上也暖洋洋的。

4、我的眼前有一條平坦的大路!

5、這個平坦的草地上,一棵棵小草,,在陽光的照耀下,逐漸成長。

6、校園操場上的土地非常平坦。

用平坦的反義詞造句

崎嶇:雖然過程非常崎嶇,但他們還是做到了。

險峻:險峻的高山不能阻擋我遠行的腳步。

陡峭:這個陡峭的山崖令人膽戰心驚。

坎坷:下雨的時候,這條坎坷不平的道路越發顯得泥濘不堪。

【擴展閱讀:造句的方法與使用】

造句訓練是小學語文教學的基本內容,貫穿整個小學學習階段。造句訓練的根本目的在于提高學生準確運用詞語的能力以及培養學生的思維能力和想象能力等。造句的質量,直接影響著學生的作文水平,我們該如何學會造句呢?

一、正確理解詞義。正確理解詞義是造出好句子的前提條件,為此,我們應該根據詞義特點和自己的知識水平以及詞語所處的語言環境,要采取靈活多樣的方法來理解,這樣才能造出合乎邏輯的句子來。

二、句子是語言運用的基本單位,它由詞或詞組構成,能表達一個完整的意思,如告訴別人一件事,提出一個問題,表示要求或者制止,表示某種感慨。它的句尾應該用上句號、問號或感嘆號。小學生因為詞匯量有限的緣故,在造句上總會大傷腦筋,其實只要找對了方法,造句并不難。

三、把句子造得真實具體,生動形象。對學生的造句,我首先要求真實。例如“……又……又……”造句,有位學生是這樣造得:“我家種的冬瓜,又大又圓,像個大籃球。”這個句子造得比較具體、形象,卻不真實。我對學生說:“南瓜不像大籃球,而是像個枕頭。所以說,造句也應該強調真實性,不然的話,形象的描寫,就不準確;具體的敘述,也是錯的;感情的抒發,也就不真實。

四、有的形容詞造句可以用一對反義詞或用褒義詞貶義詞的組合來進行,強烈的對比能起到較好的表達作用。如用“光榮”造句:“講衛生是光榮的,不講衛生是可恥的。”用“光榮”與“可恥”作對比,強調了講衛生是一種美德。

五、“字詞句段篇”是語言文字訓練的基本流程。在這個流程中,句子訓練處于字詞和段篇訓練之間。它既是字詞教學的“升華”,又是段篇教學的“起點”,起著“承上啟下”的作用。造句的時候,不但要讓將句子造對,還應該把句子造好,使句子語氣通暢,真實具體,生動形象,并富有思想感情,從而為寫作打下良好的基礎。

篇2

2、波動:波浪式地漲落或起伏式的運動。

3、激烈:情緒、聲音高亢激昂。

4、動蕩:比喻情緒或者局勢不安定。

篇3

國慶節,我和媽媽、舅舅他們決定再次去溫州樂園玩。我們買了票進到里面,看著那些游樂設施,我產生了一種說不出的熟悉的感覺,我想起了上次來到這兒的情景,那時我還只有11歲,不敢坐那些驚險的項目,感到十分遺憾。所以早在車上我就跟舅舅提出要玩上次沒玩過的項目。他們聽完后用一種不相信的眼神看著我,這也不怪他們,因為上次爸爸硬拉著我上去,我還是不敢,所以就只有我一個人站傻呆呆地在那里,他們都上去了。笑了笑說:“我現在已經是初中生了嘛,也要嘗試著去體驗一下。”

不知不覺中我們來到了過山車的所在地了,可是這時我卻想打退堂鼓,但仔細想了一下,不行做人最主要的就是誠實守信,不就是個過山車嗎,我怎么可能被這小小的東西給嚇到呢,難不倒我的。但是雖然是這樣想的,但是雙腳卻不聽使喚地抖著。要進場了,我死拽著表弟的手,他說:“就知道你不敢坐。”聽了這話,我馬上松開他的手,說:“這是什么話,我只是怕你不敢才拉著你的手的。”表弟搖了搖頭。過了好一會兒,我們才坐到位子上,因為過山車是整個樂園最受人歡迎的項目。

系好安全帶后,我一直在心里默默地說:“沒事的,一會兒就過去了,很好玩的。”車子開動了,剛開始只是慢慢地往上爬,聽著下面的齒輪在“咚咚”地響著,我的心也跟著“撲通撲通”跳個不停,就像裝了十五個水桶——七上八下的。“啊”,我還沒來得及反應,過山車一下子往下沖去,我的心提到了嗓子眼,突然,我覺得自己的腳好像脫離了地球的引力,感覺騰空了一樣,我正納悶,睜開眼睛一看,原來車已經來到了中央那個圓形軌道上,,看著眼前的景物呼嘯而過,我嚇得馬上閉上了眼睛。

過了一會兒,過山車慢下來了,我緩緩的睜開眼睛一看,原來是已經回到原點了,我趕緊解開安全帶。這時,我才發現自己的腳已經軟了,媽媽見狀,立刻跑來扶著我,笑著問道:“感覺怎樣?”我點點頭,回答:“很爽,很刺激!”

通過這次坐過山車,我覺得自己長大了許多,至少我比以前的自己更加勇敢,敢于去面對事情了。這真是一次不平凡的體驗啊!

篇4

How to teach vocabulary more effectively is a question frequently raised by school teachers of English in China.The reason for it is that vocabulary seems the most difficult part to deal with in TEFL at schools in China,especially at senior middle schools.To teach vocabulary more effectively and make new words more memorable,school teachers are practicing many techniques in their classroom teaching activities.The techniques change with the development of foreign language teaching theories and methods.While various techniques contribute to teaching vocabulary at senior middle schools in China,the technique of translation is still of vital importance.

The Role of Vocabulary Teaching

Teaching vocabulary in teaching English as a foreign language is regarded to be most important by the majority of teachers of English in China’s senior middle schools(and by whomever teaches English as a foreign language to students as well).As is often said by one of our tutors in ECP(English Coaching Paper)classes,something like this,with words you can convey meaning but with grammar(without words)you can convey nothing.Or it seems safe to say ‘with words you can communicate,while with only grammar you can do nothing.’ This is ‘meaning over structure’.Yet,‘it has been apparent for some time that little attention has been given to the needs of practicing and student teachers of English as a Second Language’(Verginia,F.A.1983).Obviously,the Second Language mentioned above refers to both English as a second language and English as a foreign language.Although researches into teaching vocabulary have not been that much,or have been,to some extent,neglected in the past few decades,in actual teaching and learning,vocabulary is thought by both teachers and learners to be of great importance.Fortunately,at China’s senior middle schools vocabulary teaching and learning is regarded of first importance.The role of vocabulary in classroom language teaching seems to have received more consistent understanding than that of grammar.However,techniques for teachers to teach vocabulary remain to be re-evaluated.

A Brief Review of Vocabulary Teaching Techniques

Before dealing with the techniques involved in teaching English vocabulary at China’s senior schools,it is necessary to have a general understanding of some of the major techniques for teaching and learning vocabulary.Haycraft seems to have covered the major techniques in presenting vocabulary.They are:presenting vocabulary in context;giving description or definition;teaching outside the classroom;using objects;using drawing;mime;making use of opposites and synonyms;translation;pictures/flash cards;wall charts,and words games.In addition to introducing these techniques,Haycraft also strongly recommends that teachers should teach the words in spoken form first,try to present new words in context and he also emphasizes that revision is essential.

Techniques Involved in Vocabulary Teaching

at China’s Senior Middle Schools

The majority of these techniques mentioned above are adopted in teaching vocabulary in classroom teaching at China’s senior middle schools.To make the vocabulary memorable and communicative,teachers are advised to teach vocabulary paying more attention to the spoken form.Then teachers are making efforts to teach new words by creating a context,to give descriptions or definition in English,using objects available in the classroom or easily taken into classroom or within sight,to use students’ or the teacher’s drawing to teach new words,to mime when teaching some new verbs,to use opposites or synonyms of the new words when teaching adjectives,to translate English words into Chinese when it is difficult to teach the new words with other techniques,to apply pictures and flash cards with the aid of computer technology,to teach and review vocabulary using words games.All these techniques contribute to vocabulary teaching in classroom English teaching at China’s middle schools.

The Connection of Translation and Grammar-translation Method

Of those techniques involved,the technique of translation is being mistakenly treated since it is lexically connected with the Grammar-translation Method.Grammar-translation,which was introduced to teach foreign languages in China in the late nineteenth century in the late Qing Dynasty and had dominated China’s foreign language teaching for a long period of time until the late 1970s until other approaches were introduced.What this method focuses on is to prepare students to read and write classical materials and to pass standardized exams,as Howatt once described.With Grammar-translation methods,the teacher gives students necessary explanations of grammar rules,and demonstrates example sentences of the grammar points.In addition,the teacher or the students have to translate these sentences into their own language and also translate sentences of their own language into the target language.These methods seldom focuses on the ability of listening and the fluency of speaking.Therefore,the Grammar-translation is regarded as a method out of date and translation has received doubt and rejection.

Why To Re-evaluate Translation

However,Translation as a technique in teaching vocabulary should be re-evaluated.It should be treated differently from the method of Grammar-translation.There are three primary reasons for this.

Firstly,the technique of translation is different from the Grammar-translation Method of teaching a foreign language.It does not focus on grammar and translation of sentences.It concerns only the meaning of certain vocabulary.Translation as a technique in teaching vocabulary in TEFL is better in teaching words with abstract meaning than other techniques in practice.When teaching a word with abstract meaning like“brave”,it would be much simpler to translate the word with a mono-lingual class,as Haycraft argued.

Secondly,it is doable to teach new vocabulary using the technique of translation to teach vocabulary.There is no need to turn to other techniques to do the meaning of such a word as ‘brave’,for the 40 minutes in a period of class does not allow the teacher to present every word using definition and description or other more complicated techniques when they occur in a reading context,though that might be better for speaking and listening competences.Techniques applied in a mono-lingual class are different from those in a multilingual class,in which it is impossible for the teacher to translate the new words into many languages.However,the majority of the senior middle schools in China have mono-lingual classes.Therefore it is practical to apply this technique in classroom teaching activities.

Thirdly,in teaching passive vocabulary,it saves teaching time.In contrast to active words,which the students need to understand correctly,memorize permanently and use constructively in communication,the students also encounters a large quantity of passive vocabulary,words which the student only need to recognize and understands when they occur in a context but which he cannot produce correctly himself(Haycraft,1978).And at China’s senior middle schools,the teachers and students have to deal with more passive words than active words as they are forced to highlight the competence of reading due to their course book and the syllabus.When the technique of translation are properly applied in teaching vocabulary in classroom English teaching,a large quantity of time is saved.Hence,it is safe to state that while various techniques contributes to teaching English vocabulary at senior middle schools in China,translation is still of vital importance.

Conclusion

In conclusion,because of the importance of teaching and learning vocabulary in TEFL,various techniques are adopted for effective classroom teaching activities at senior middle schools in China.With the development of economy and politics,theories and methods for teaching English in China have also transferred.As Grammar-translation in TEFL is being forsaken,this technique has consequently received doubt and rejection.However,it is quite mistaken to equally treat grammar-translation and the technique of translation,which is actually useful and important in vocabulary teaching,because together with other techniques involved,translation contributes much to teaching vocabulary.Moreover it has always been a very important one.Therefore,what we need to think more about is not to reject it but how to combine translation with other effective techniques in classroom vocabulary teaching so that teachers can make new words more memorable for students to learn.Meanwhile teachers can teach vocabulary more effectively in their classroom teaching activities.

Bibliography

Reference Sources

Haycraft.J.(1978)An Introduction to English Language Teaching,London:Longman.

Howatt,A.P.R.(2004)A history of English language teaching,Oxford:Oxford University Press 2nd ed.Krashen.S.(1988)Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning,Oxford:Pergamon.

Liu.J.(2007)English language teaching in China:new approaches,perspectives and standards,London;New York:Continuum.

Mitchell.R,& Myles,F.(2003)English Language Teaching in Its Social Context.London:

Arnold.Nation.I.S.P.(2001)Learning Vocabulary in Another Language,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Porter.D.(2001)Check Your Vocabulary For Academic English,London:A.& C.Black,3rd ed.

Willis.D.(1990)The Lexical Syllabus An New Approach to Language Teaching,London:Collins ELT.

A Practice of Teaching Noun Clause in Writing for Higher Vocational College Non-English Majors

唐湖

Tang Hu

作者簡介:唐湖(1965-),女(納西族),云南麗江人,副教授,學士,主要從事英語教育教學研究。

(English Department,Lijiang Teachers CollegeLijiangYunnan674100)

Abstract:In ESL teaching,explicit grammar instruction can play a major role in the language teaching and learning,particularly in the advanced level English writing class.Because of the variety of Noun Clauses,mistakes of understanding the function of Noun Clauses,improper explanations occur often in ESL learners' writing.In this article an explanation of a definition of noun clauses,types of noun clause and the activities of applying noun clauses in writing are offered in order to help learners understand the rules clearly so that they can apply the rules they have learned as a guide in their writings.

Key words:Noun Clause;explicit grammar;EFL learner,advanced writing

As Thomas defines the noun clause as a dependent clause that works like a noun,you can find it as a subject,object or the complement of subject.According to Betty Schrampfer Azar(1998)a noun clause is used as a subject or an object.In other words,a noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun phrase.Helen Schmodt(1995)said that noun clauses act as direct objects,predicate nouns(complements)and subjects in the sentences in the same way that single noun,or noun phrase can.Following is an explanation of order to help learners understand the rules clearly so that learners can apply the rules they have learned as a guide in their writings.

1.Noun Clause used as a subject.

In the following examples the italicized part of the sentences are the noun clause function as a subject

1)What he said was interesting.(Subject of the sentence)

2)Which came first is not clear.

3)That she doesn't understand spoken English is obvious.

4)Whoever undertakes a new national review should first carefully examine the current situation,including the actual effectiveness of the regulatory mechanisms provided by the NIH guidelines.

None Clause subject with“It”(used with certain adjectives and verbs such as well,likely,important)

1)It is interesting that people fear public speaking.

That people fear public speaking is interesting.

There are some questions to think about in order to solid the application of the Noun Clause after giving the explicit explanation in the class.What do you see in front of the main verb,a clause or a phrase Find the subject of the main verb.What function do noun clauses fill in the above examples What subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce noun clauses?

After the instruction of the above explicit rule of noun clauses,a set of practice of applying the rules can be assigned to the students by pair works,or in groups.Students are asked to changes the given sentences into a noun clause by following the examples.

Example:The world is round.

It is a fact that the world is round.

That the world is round is a fact.

1)Tim hasn't been able to make any friends.

2)Drug abuse can ruin one's health.

3)English is the principle language of the business community throughout much of the world.

4)The earth revolves around the sun.

2.Noun Clause used as direct object/object of preposition

In the class session,the teacher can give some sample sentences as a warm up exercise to intrigue the students’ curiosity to understand the rules so as to be able to apply them in their writing.Such as:We know what his problem is.Please explain how it works.Tell me who they are.I invited whoever wanted to go.She was afraid of what he would say.They complained about how they finished it.

With the previous examples,when the teacher are explaining the rules,some of the highlighted points can be prepared to help students deepen the understanding so as to know how to use them when they are dealing with the situation in writing.Such as:What do you see after the main verb,a clause or a phrase Find the object of the main verb.What function do noun clauses fill in the above examples What subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce the noun clauses?

3.Discussion

With the promotion of communicative approach of language teaching,there comes a lot of debates about the grammar-rules teaching which is strongly object to the spirit of Communicative Language Teaching.However,linguists define grammar as a set of components:phonetics(the production and perception of sounds),phonology(how sounds are combined),morphology(the study of forms,or how elements are combined to create words),syntax(how words are strung together into sentences),and semantics or meanings.Because all languages were characterized by these components,by definition,language doesn't exist without grammar.(Musumeci,Dian 1997)

As language teachers,we know clearly,the goal of language of language learning in the communicative classroom is to enable the EFL learners to acquire the grammar of the foreign language in its broad sense that is to enable the EFL learners to understand,finally to become the proficient users of English language.Many of the EFL learners have been experiencing the grammar learning.One of the arguments of adults’ second language leaning is that thelearners can not learn the foreign language the way they learned their first language(Bley-Vroman,1989).Native speakers acquired their native language at an early age by practice naturally in the rich cultural and linguistic environment they were born or grew up in.Adult learners can not easily learn the second language as they did in acquiring their mother tongue(Gao,2001).Since children and adults learn language differently,it is discussed that grammar can be used as an important means to help adults increase their chance to successfully learn a second or a foreign language.

本文是“任務型教學在英力克英語口語活動中的應用研究”,課題編號ZX12208的部分研究成果。

References:

Gao,zhonggang,Carl(2001)Second Language Learning and the Teaching of grammar.volume 122:326

Johnson,Keith.An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching.Pearson Education Limited.2001:161.

Lavelle,Thomas.Teaching Noun Clauses,Part l(7/28/2004):

Musumeci,Diane.(1997).The Role of Grammar in Communicative.

Language Teaching(7128/1004):mhhe…com

Oshima,Alice(1990).Writing Academic English.Additson-welsey Publishing Company,Inc.180,193.

篇5

【關鍵詞】急性冠脈綜合征;急診PCI;妊娠相關蛋白A;高敏C反應蛋白

急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)是因不穩定的冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂激發血栓形成所致的急性心肌缺血綜合征。其中斑塊的不穩定性是ACS發病的始動因素已成為共識。急診PCI術是目前治療ACS的有效方式,PCI術可造成冠脈斑塊的暫時不穩定,可引起體內妊娠相關蛋白A(PAPP-A)和高敏C反應蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的變化,其水平與冠脈病變程度相關,目前對該領域的研究較少,本研究旨在探討急性冠脈綜合征患者急診PCI術前后妊娠相關蛋白A、高敏C反應蛋白水平的變化意義及與冠脈病變程度的相關性。

1 材料和方法

1.1 研究對象 選擇鞍山市中心醫院2006年8月至2007年5月急診PCI術治療的47例急性冠脈綜合征患者。其中,急

性心肌梗死患者43例,不穩定心絞痛患者4例,平均(57.3±7.1)歲,男32例,女15例,患者診斷均符合1979年WHO冠心病標準,符合PCI術的適應證,同時除外PCI術禁忌癥。

1.2 標本收集 患者均于PCI術前1 h和術后24 h通過肘靜脈采集靜脈血5 ml,枸櫞酸鈉抗凝后,以3 000 r/min離心5 min,取上清液,分裝于2個Ependorff管中,標記后置于-70℃冰箱中保存,直至檢測。

1.3 測量方法 PAPP-A測定采用ELISA法,試劑盒購自深圳晶美公司,嚴格按說明書進行操作,其檢測靈敏度為0.1 mIU/L。hs-CRP測定采用ELISA法,試劑盒購自深圳晶美公司,嚴格按說明書進行操作,其檢測靈敏度為0.01 mg/L。

1.4 冠狀動脈造影及判斷標準 采用Judkins法,冠狀動脈造影判斷冠心病的標準為至少有一支冠狀動脈內徑狹窄≥50%。根據冠狀動脈病變支數分為單支病變組、雙支病變組和3支病變組(主要分支如對角支、邊緣支歸屬主支統計)。

1.5 統計學分析 采用SPSS11.5進行統計學分析,組間比較采用 t 檢驗分析, P

2 結果

3 討論

妊娠相關血漿蛋白A(PAPP-A)是一種高分子量的含鋅金屬蛋白酶,是一組水解內啡肽酶,最初在妊娠婦女血清中發現,主要應用于唐氏綜合癥(Down’s syndrome)的診斷,非胎盤組織中的PAPP-A作用最近才被發現[1]。Bayes-Genis等[2]通過對8例心源性猝死患者的8塊不穩定斑塊和4塊穩定斑塊的分析,在組織學上證實了PAPP-A在不穩定斑塊中含量豐富,而穩定斑塊中含量很少。近年來的多項研究都探討了PAPP-A在冠心病中的作用,最近更將其列為冠心病患者易損血液的炎癥血清學標志物之一[3]。炎癥是動脈硬化形成以及斑塊破裂和血栓形成的一個重要因素,血清C反應蛋白是炎癥的一種非特異性但敏感的生物學指標[4]。

本研究顯示在PCI后24 h患者血漿PAPP-A水平較術前升高,提示PCI對血管的損傷可能直接導致了血漿PAPP-A水平的升高。血管平滑肌細胞是合成PAPP-A的重要組織,目前認為PCI后PAPP-A的改變可能與PCI對平滑肌細胞機械刺激以及損傷后血管局部炎癥激活,進而刺激平滑肌細胞和其他組織大量合成PAPP-A增加有關[5-6]。研究同時表明雙支病變組和3支病變組PAPP-A和hs-CRP水平明顯高于單支病變組,具有顯著的統計學意義,提示hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平與冠脈病變程度存在明顯的相關性。

PCI是目前治療急性冠脈綜合征尤其是急性心肌梗死的首選治療方式之一,是心肌再灌注治療、挽救瀕死心肌、改善心功能的重要治療方式。通過本研究顯示PCI對血管的損傷直接導致血漿hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平的升高,術后的加強抗凝、抗血小板以及降脂穩定斑塊治療也是極其重要的。

參考文獻

[1]Oxving J,Sand O,Kristensen T,et al.Isolation and characterization of circulating complex between human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and proform of eosinophil major basic protein.Biochem Biophys Acta,1994,1201:415-423.

[2] Bayes-Genis A,Conover CA,Overgaard MT,et al.pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A as a marker of acute coronary syndromes.N Engl J Med,2001,345:1022-1029.

[3] Naghavi M,Libby P,Falk E,et al.From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient:a call for new definitions and risk asscssment strategies:Part II.Circulation,2003,108:1772-1778.

[4] Mayuml S,Toshihiko I,Junichi J,et al.relations of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.Atherosclerosis,2003,167:73-79.

篇6

用法: 補充式;作謂語、定語、補語。

出處: 路遙《平凡的世界》第一卷第七章:“她那人間的愛人悲痛欲絕,日日在她變成的土山下面,跪著嗚咽哭啼,直到死在這山腳下。”

示例: 她聽到兒子遭到車禍的消息悲慟欲絕。

近義詞: 痛不欲生、悲痛欲絕、 哀痛欲絕、傷心欲絕 。

篇7

四年級上冊語文閱讀題

露珠的身體很小,生命也很短暫,但它卻是不平凡的。每當夜幕籠罩的時候,它像慈母用乳汁哺育嬰兒一樣滋潤著禾苗;每當黎明到來的時候,它又最早睜開不知疲倦的眼睛。它白天隱身于空氣中,夜晚無聲地在黑暗中工作。它不像暴風那樣挾風雷閃電炫耀武力,更不像冰雹那樣殘酷無情。它默默地工作,又默默地逝去,它把短暫的一生風險給人類,而對人類卻從來無所苛求。它多么像辛勤的園丁,培育著祖國的花朵,多么像我們敬愛的老師――伏在桌燈西下夜以繼日地工作,把畢生的心血滴滴灑在孩子們的心田。

1、寫出下面詞語的反義詞。(1分)

短暫-( ) 奉獻-( )

2、用“――”畫出文中的比喻句,用__畫出文中的擬人句。(2分)

3、用“___”畫出作者聯想的句子。(1分)

4、作者為什么把露珠比作老師(3分)

_________________________________________________________________

5、這段話贊美了什么?(2分)

_________________________________________________________________

四年級上冊語文閱讀答案:

1、長久 索取

2、(略)

3、(略)

篇8

詞語運用

班級

姓名

得分

一、在括號中填入恰當的詞語。

(16

分)



時間:40

分鐘

滿分:100

(

)的小燕子

(

)的圖畫

(

)的小蓮蓬

(

)的鹿角

(

)的鳥窩

(

)的事情

(

)的肥皂泡

(

)的世界

二、選擇恰當的詞語打“√”。

(10

分)

1.老木匠用他那雙(靈敏

靈巧)的手雕出了一件件精美的木雕

作品。

2.這座公園將古典園林和現代建筑珠聯璧合地結合在一起,稱

得上是建筑史上的(創舉

創造)。

3.從衛星拍攝到的照片可以(檢測

推測)該星球上有水的存在。

4.我這幾天很(奇妙

奇怪),不知不覺地寫著作業就睡著了。

5.這光麗的薄球就無聲地(分散

散裂)了,肥皂水落了下來,

灑到眼睛里。

三、補充詞語,完成練習。

(16

分)

掩(

)盜鈴

畫蛇添(

)

(

)亡齒寒

(

)瞪口呆

張(

)結舌

(

)平氣和

(

)(

)相照

(

)靈(

)巧

1.填寫的詞語的共同點是:

。(2

分)

2.畫蛇時給蛇添上了腳,這說的是成語

它的比喻義是

。(6

分)

3.我會選一個詞語造句。(3

分)

四、給加點的字詞選擇正確的解釋。

(8

分)

【味道】A.趣味,情趣;B.味;C.氣味。

1.梔子花散發出一股好聞的味.道.。

(

)

2.這部電視劇越看越有味.道.。

(

)

3.這道菜味.道.好。

(

)

【擺布】A.安排,布置;

B.操縱,支配(別人行動)。

4.小沙只得規規矩矩由老師傅擺.布.。

(

)

5.這間屋子擺.布.得十分雅致。

(

)

【深】A.(感情)厚,(關系)密切;B.距離開始的時間很久;C.

從上到下或從外到里的距離大(跟“淺”相對)。

6.夜已經很深.了,爸爸還在工作。

(

)

7.陽光很難射進深海.里。

(

)

8.他們從小玩到大,兩人的關系很深.。

(

)

五、填寫修飾詞語,使語段更生動具體。

(16

分)

我家養了一只狗,這是一只

的小動物,既乖巧,又

可愛,很討人喜歡。

的身體有一尺來長,四肢靈活,

行動敏捷。一身

的皮毛,就像一團棉花上灑

了幾滴墨汁。它有著

的腦袋,

的小面孔上

嵌著一對

的小眼睛。那對

的耳朵能聽到極

的聲音。

六、閱讀短文,完成練習。

(34

分)

竹,是極平凡的,然而,竹子和人們的生活息息相關。青青

翠竹,渾身是寶。竹子既是建筑材料,又是造紙原料。竹皮可編

織竹器,竹瀝和竹茹可供藥用,竹筍可食,味道鮮美。翠竹真不

愧是“綠色的寶礦”。然而,我更欣賞竹子那頑強不屈的品格。

從古至今,它和松、梅被人譽為“歲寒三友”,歷來被文人所題

詠,畫家所描繪,藝人所雕刻。當春風還沒有融盡殘冬的余寒時,

新竹就悄悄地在地下萌芽了。春風一吹,它就像一把利劍,刺破

泥土,擠開頑石,脫去層層筍衣,披上一身綠裝,直插云天。暑

往寒來,迎風斗寒,經霜雪而不凋,歷四時而常茂,充分顯示了

竹子不畏艱難,不懼壓力的強大生命力和堅強不屈的品格。我想,

竹子的品格體現的不正是我們中華民族自強不息、不屈不撓的民

族精神嗎?我們每個人需要的不也正是這種精神嗎?

1.在文中找出下列詞語的反義詞。(8

分)

非凡——

(

)

自暴自棄——

(

)

弱小——

(

)

毫不相關——

(

)

2.這篇短文寫了竹子的

兩方面的內

容,重點寫了竹子的

。(6

分)

3.作者從竹子是

,可

,可供

幾個方面寫了

竹子“渾身是寶”。(10

分)

4.填一填。(6

分)

“歲寒三友”是指

5.竹子的品格體現的不正是我們中華民族自強不息、不屈不撓

的民族精神嗎?這是

句。竹子最突出的品格是

。(4

分)

6

詞語運用

一、示例:伶俐可愛

光彩奪目

嫩黃色

精美別致

各種形狀

有趣

輕清脆麗

奇妙

二、1.靈巧,√

2.創舉,√

3.推測,√

4.奇怪,√

5.散裂,√

三、耳

1.都是人體部位名稱

2.畫蛇添足

做多余的事,反而不恰當

3.示例:你應該心平氣和地把事情說清楚,不該動不動就發火。

四、1.C

2.A

3.B

4.B

5.A

6.B

7.C

8.A

五、示例:馴良

瘦瘦

黑白相間

圓圓

玲瓏

閃閃發光

靈敏

細微

六、1.平凡

自強不息

強大

息息相關

2.用途

生命力頑強

生命力頑強

3.建筑材料

造紙原料

編織竹器

藥用

竹筍可食

4.松

篇9

在此時,我接受了一個公開課任務,我選擇人教版課標本五年級上冊的《“精彩極了”和“糟糕透了”》一文。

這篇文章是美國作家巴德·舒爾伯格在回憶他七八歲時寫了第一首小詩,他的父母給他的同一作品做出的截然相反的極端評價的事:“精彩極了”的夸獎,是慈祥的母親期望兒子成功的熱情鼓勵;“糟糕透了”的批評,是嚴厲的父親防止兒子驕傲自滿甚至“誤入歧途”的警告、提醒和鞭策,是嚴格要求。“兩種聲音”雖然截然相反,出發點卻都是希望兒子努力上進、不斷進取,都是愛的表現形式。對于賞識教育風靡一時的今天,如何讓學生去理解父親的做法背后的那個“愛”字呢?

細讀文本,我把目光停留在“我”接受了母親夸張的贊揚之后焦急地等待父親回家的這幾段描寫上。這幾段文字充分地運用了語言、行動等一系列細致的描寫,表現了巴迪滿心期盼得到父親的贊賞時的焦急心情,這一系列行為已毫無爭議地暴露出了孩子的驕傲自滿。父親正是基于對這一點的觀察,便給當時正“得意洋洋”的巴迪潑了一盆冷水。這是父親細致觀察之后的愛的流露,是一種及時的理性的提醒。

尤為值得注意的是,文章為了極度渲染巴迪的那種焦急等待的心情,運用了許多表示時間的詞語,特別是“七點”“七點一刻”“七點半”,這三個時間詞的特殊疊加,更展現了作者高度的描寫技巧。三個句子都用的是句號,似乎獨立成句,但三個時間又僅隔十五分鐘,這每隔十五分鐘之間又發生了什么?時間為什么會以這樣短小的單位一步步地疊加?噢,是等待呀,是漫長而焦急的等待呀,是等待中的人——巴迪的一種心境的流露啊!

于是,一個教學設想在我心中萌發,以下就是我的這個設計實施之后的教學片斷:

師:兒子聽了母親的夸獎之后,除了靦腆和得意洋洋之外,還有哪些不同尋常的表現呢?(學生匯報,略)

師:老師注意到了,在許多描寫巴迪表現的語句中,有許多含有時間的語句,你能把它們找出來嗎?(學生匯報,略)

師:(課件出示這些語句,并且把表示時間的詞用紅色著重顯出,這些詞是:什么時候、晚上七點鐘、整個下午、將近七點鐘、七點、七點一刻、七點半、快到八點鐘)請你們把這些詞句仔細地讀一讀,看看你從這些詞句中體會到了什么。

生:從聽了母親的表揚到晚上父親回來,其實只有一個下午多一點的時間,我卻體會到巴迪覺得這段時間很長很長。

生:對,因為每個表示時間的詞之間的時間距離其實是那么短。

師:你能舉例說說嗎?

生:比如:七點。七點一刻。七點半。這三個時間每兩個之間只相差十五分鐘。

師:你真是個有心人!你們有沒有發現這三個詞中是什么標點符號?

生:句號。

師:這就說明這三個表示時間的詞語各代表著完整的一句話。老師似乎看到了作者沒有說出來的話。想象一下,你似乎看到小巴迪這段時間在做些什么?

生:我似乎看到小巴迪跑到門外,踮起腳尖朝路口望去,又突然縮回了頭。

師:他為什么會這樣做?

生:他又希望父親早點回來,又害怕父親回來了。

師:說得真好!

生:我似乎看到巴迪不時地在屋里走動著,又安靜地坐下來,焦急而又耐心地等待著。

師:“焦急而又耐心”?你為什么會這樣認為?“焦急”和“耐心”不是一對反義詞嗎?

生:因為巴迪想早點聽到父親的表揚,所以他焦急呀;因為巴迪認為不管父親什么時候回來,他得到父親的表揚這件事已經是板上釘釘——鐵定了,所以他就有耐心呀!《十里長街送總理》里面不就這樣寫過嗎?這并不矛盾。

師:你能聯系以往的閱讀經驗來思考,真是太棒了!從這一系列的詞句當中,我們已經感受到,巴迪因為母親的贊揚已經有些——

生:得意洋洋,驕傲自滿了。

師:讓我們一起再讀讀父親怎么評價兒子的詩的語句吧!你們一定會明白父親為什么要這么做了。

篇10

姓名:________

班級:________

成績:________

小朋友,帶上你一段時間的學習成果,一起來做個自我檢測吧,相信你一定是最棒的!

一、基礎題

(共20題;共78分)

1.

(2分)寫出下列句子的修辭手法。

①“哨歌”就像報曉雄雞的啼唱,喚醒我們,催促我們。________

②我們要將我們全部的光和熱,獻給祖國,獻給人民,獻給您——我親愛的祖國。________

2.

(4分)根據拼音寫漢字。

xīn

kuí

shǎn

yínɡ

________香

向日________

________北

________繞

3.

(3分)用上恰當的修辭手法,把句子補充完整。

①一到夏季,這哨所繁花點點更像________。

②在我們心中,國旗是________。

③站立在祖國的最東端,我們成了________。

4.

(5分)照樣子,在橫線上填上合適的詞。

例:微笑對高興正如流淚對(悲傷)。

雨天對潮濕正如晴天對________。

搖頭對反對正如點頭對________。

勤奮對聰明正如懶惰對________。

豺狼對殘忍正如羔羊對________。

舊社會對黑暗正如新社會對________。

5.

(5分)選字填空。

這________運動,________得小明腰酸腿疼,最后________是流下了眼淚。

這個________子________是沒有得到小伙伴的支持。

6.

(5分)按要求寫句子

①我的眼光被河心一個什么東西吸引住了。(改成把字句)

②羊皮筏子上,乘客那從容的神情,就如同坐在公共汽車上瀏覽窗外的景色。(用加下劃線字造句)

③如果沒有足夠的勇氣,就是連眼也不敢睜一睜的。(用加下劃線字造句)

④艄公破浪前行。(擴句)

7.

(5分)讀下面的句子,選擇其中的一組關聯詞語造句。

①既然我們像界碑一樣立在這里,我們就要用我們的手,我們的腳,我們的身體,我們的心靈,構筑一道堅固的防線。

②我們之所以意志堅強,是因為我們心中擁有太陽。

8.

(5分)用下列詞語造句。

①佩服

②勇氣

9.

(3分)寫出反義詞

神圣—________

光明—________

欣慰—________

10.

(5分)解釋下列詞語

①馨香:

②凝聚

:

11.

(3分)給下列劃線字注音

________

________

________

一縷

陜北

向日葵

12.

(5分)把陳述句換成把字句

①焰火照得夜空光彩奪目。

②黃鸝吃了卷葉蟲。

13.

(3分)把下列詞語補充完整。

________扶疏

鑿冰________

________臥雪

14.

(5分)將下列陳述句改成反問句

①這恰好表明有數不盡的駱駝。

②馬跑得越快,離楚國就越遠了。

15.

(1分)讀課文《太陽與士兵》,用上恰當的修辭手法,把句子補充完整。

一到夏季,這哨所繁花點點更像________

16.

(3分)讀課文《太陽與士兵》,在橫線上填上恰當的詞語,使語句通順

在我們心目中,國旗是祖國母親最________的臉龐。作為她的守護者,我們要________她接受來自光明之源的第一縷________。

17.

(5分)擴句

①腳步踏上大地。

②國旗是臉龐。

18.

(5分)縮句

①升旗場是荒涼哨所上最美的一片風景。

②我眼睜睜地看著雪漫曠野。

19.

(1分)讀課文《太陽與士兵》,寫出下列句子運用的修辭手法

太陽說,每每看到你們,我就想,要多為你們灑點光,多為你們送一分熱。________

20.

(5分)將下列句子改為陳述句。

①這不是我們偉大的哨兵嗎?

②太陽不是從東方升起來了嗎?

二、閱讀題

(共5題;共40分)

21.

(23分)閱讀下文,回答問題

《巡道工的故事》

暑假里,我乘火車到外婆家去玩。我靠著車窗,看見綠色的田野,清澈見底的溪流……從窗外匆匆閃過。眼前的美景深深地吸引著我。

“嗚------”前方傳來了一聲汽笛長鳴,我探出頭往前一看,車頭正帶著我們轉彎,彎道旁站立著一位老工人,他雖然戴草帽,可是身上的汗水仍然像許多條細細的小溪往下淌,那光著的上身顯得油光滑亮,好像是用紫銅鑄成的,他的手里,舉著一把鐵錘,正微笑著向我們致意。我敢肯定,他就是巡道工,因為爸爸曾經給我講過巡道工的故事-------

有一次,爸爸坐火車到遠方去出差,在一個漆黑的深夜,列車在傾盆大雨中飛馳。突然,車廂“咯噔”一聲猛響,在一個前不著村后不著店的地方停下來。

人們從睡夢中驚醒過來,打開車窗,只見在列車的前言,一盞紅燈在一晃一晃,借著車頭的光柱大家看到了,雨幕中有個人提著紅燈在走,渾身像剛從水里出來的一樣,他就是巡道工。

后來才知道,這里山洪突然爆發,路被沖壞了一段。要不是巡道工冒著瓢潑大雨巡查路線,就會造成嚴重的后果……

“在千里鐵路線上,有許多巡道式默默無聞地工作著,越是天氣不好,他們就越是繁忙,他們用自己的辛勤勞動,換來列車的安全行駛。”爸爸的話在我耳邊又一次響起。

列車呼嘯著向遠方奔去,我卻情不自禁地回過頭來,注視著那位平凡的老工人,漸漸地遠了遠了,最后消失在我的視線中。然而聽著列車有節奏的“咯噔”聲,看著列車上的張張笑臉,巡道式的形象又浮現在我的眼前,留在我的腦際……

(1)從短文中找出兩個比喻句寫在橫線上,并說明把什么比作什么。

(2)找出描寫巡道工外貌的語句,再寫出這樣的描寫說明了什么?

(3)寫出這篇短文中各段的小標題:①________;②________;③________。

(4)本文哪些方面的內容是主要的,哪些方面的內容是次要的?為什么要這樣寫?

(5)體會“爸爸”說的話的意思,并寫出話的含意。

22.

(2分)根據你對課文的理解,給下列句子選擇合理的解釋。

(1)老師的神情變得嚴肅了。________

①老師對“我”不認真畫畫有意見。

②老師責怪那些笑話“我”的同學。

③老師覺得“我”畫得很準確,可其他同學覺得好笑,這引起了老師的深思。

(2)你看見一件東西,是什么樣的,就畫成什么樣,不要想當然,畫走了樣。________

①父親告訴“我”,畫畫可以不用思考,把看到的畫下來,就行了。

②父親想告訴“我”,畫畫時要相信自己的眼睛,畫出事物的本來面目。

23.

(5分)仔細閱讀課文《太陽與士兵》,說說課文寫了幾方面的內容,表達了作者怎樣的思想感情。

24.

(5分)閱讀課文《太陽與士兵》選段,回答問題

太陽:在我看來,升旗場是荒涼哨所上最美的一片風景。這里石徑回環,草木扶疏。一到夏季,繁花點點,更像鋪了一地錦繡。北國的松,江南的竹,中原的月季,陜北的向日葵……每一粒種子都帶著戰士故士的馨香在這里落戶。一座升旗場,是一個中國的濃縮和凝聚。

找出文中的擬人句,說說它的作用。

25.

(5分)閱讀課文《太陽與士兵》選段,回答問題

太陽:一年一年,我眼睜睜地看著雪漫曠野,冰封江河;眼睜睜地看著你們踏雪巡邏,鑿冰取水。你們立身于中國最東端,立身于最冷達零下四十攝氏度的冰火雪地之中,但你們迎風站哨的形象仍在,爬冰臥雪的英姿依然……每每看到你們,我就想,要多為你們灑點光,多為你們送一分熱。

從文中找出兩個成語,并解釋。

參考答案

一、基礎題

(共20題;共78分)

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二、閱讀題

(共5題;共40分)

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