皮腔血管細胞研究論文
時間:2022-03-20 03:24:00
導語:皮腔血管細胞研究論文一文來源于網友上傳,不代表本站觀點,若需要原創文章可咨詢客服老師,歡迎參考。
經皮腔內血管成形術(PTA)是治療冠狀動脈及周圍動脈狹窄的有效手段,但約有25%~60%的病人術后發生再狹窄。金屬內支架的應用降低了PTA術后急性閉塞的發生率,但并未能徹底解決再狹窄的問題論文。大量實驗研究及臨床觀察表明再狹窄與血栓形成、內膜增厚和血管重構有關,內皮細胞的損傷、修復及功能改變在其中扮演重要角色。
一、內皮損傷、血栓形成與再狹窄
PTA可造成血管損傷,內皮的剝脫造成內皮下組織的暴露,血小板立即通過VonWillebrand因子(VWF)黏附于內皮下的基質,隨后發生聚集并釋放α顆粒成分,其釋放的血小板衍生生長因子(PDGF)可能與中膜平滑肌細胞的激活和遷移有關[1]。最近的研究表明血小板減少可抑制已激活的平滑肌細胞從中膜向內膜遷移。由內皮損傷引發的凝血過程將形成附壁血栓,血栓的形成不僅可造成血管的急性閉塞,而且為平滑肌細胞內遷提供了框架,血栓的機化可直接引起內膜增厚,而且血栓中的凝血酶本身就是強力的平滑肌細胞致分裂原[2]。實驗證明損傷部位內皮的早期重建可抑制血小板附著和血栓形成[3]。
二、內皮細胞和內膜增厚
血管損傷后出現的組織愈合反應可造成不同程度的內膜增厚,其中包括3種主要成分:平滑肌細胞、內皮細胞及細胞外基質。損傷后30分鐘就可以檢測到平滑肌細胞早期激活的標記——核原癌基因的表達[4],活化的平滑肌細胞從收縮表型轉向合成表型,從而引發平滑肌細胞的增生遷移和基質的合成。平滑肌細胞增生后向內膜遷移,遷移到內膜的平滑肌細胞部分繼續增生。有作者認為平滑肌細胞的增生和分裂是兩個不同的機制[5],一些因素只影響其中一個而不影響另一個,PDGF是平滑肌細胞向內膜遷移強力的趨化因子,成纖維細胞生長因子b(bFGF)則是平滑肌細胞的致分裂原。平滑肌細胞要穿過細胞外基質和彈力層才能到達內膜,其遷移過程與纖維蛋白溶解酶原激活物及金屬蛋白酶(MMP)的增加有關。
三、內皮細胞與血管重構
四、內皮細胞損傷、修復及功能異常
五、加快重內皮化、促進內皮細胞功能恢復
蛋白激酶C(PKC)是廣泛存在于細胞內的信號傳遞物質,是內皮細胞增殖所必需的,用12-豆蔻酸-13-乙酸佛波酯直接活化內皮細胞PKC,發現內皮細胞黏附、伸展及移行能力均增強,而用PKC抑制劑則降低了內皮細胞的再生能力,可見PKC激活劑可作為促進重內皮化的一種方法。
六、金屬內支架和血管內皮化
金屬內支架的應用大大減低了PTA術后的急性動脈閉塞,其形態穩定性限制了血管的回縮,從而防止了不利的血管重構,但金屬內支架本身具致凝性,置入血管后需長期抗凝治療,而且內支架置入并未徹底解決再狹窄的問題,目前認為PTA術后再狹窄是內膜增生和血管重構雙重作用的結果,而內支架置入后再狹窄則主要由內膜增生引起[26]。為阻止內膜增厚,許多學者用帶有滌綸被膜的內支紲進行實驗研究和臨床探索,但一直沒有肯定的結果,Schurmann等[27]的實驗研究發現,與普通支架相比,被膜式支架引起了更嚴重的內膜增生和炎癥反應;Maynar等[28]的一組股動脈臨床資料也表明被膜式支架的通暢率并不理想。支架置入部位的早期內皮化可能預防血栓形成和再狹窄。加速支架內皮化的方法目前主要有兩種,一是支架置入后局部灌注藥物或導入基因,常用的是VEGF;另一方法是支架置入前在體外先種上內皮細胞[29-31],可選用轉基因內皮細胞進行種植[30,31],此法最大的障礙是支架置入過程中內皮細胞的丟失[30,31],但支架金屬絲側面往往有內皮細胞殘留,這些細胞可重新增殖并覆蓋支架[15,31]。
參考文獻
1FriedmanRJ,StemermanMB,WenzB,etal.Theeffectoftrombocytopeniaonexperimentalarterioscleroticlesionformationinrabbits:smoothmusclecellproliferationandre-endothelialization.JClinInvest,1977,60:1191-1201.
2McNamaraCA,SarembockIJ,GimpleLW,etal.Thrombinstimulatesproliferationofculturedrataorticsmoothmusclecellsbyaproteolyticallyactivatedreceptor.JClinInvest,1993,91:94-98.
3ThompsonMM,BuddJS,EadySL,etal.Plateletdepositionafterangioplastyisabolishedbyrestorationoftheendothelialcellmonolayer.JVascSurg,1994,19:478-486.
4BautersC,deGrooteP,AdamantidisM,etal.Proto-oncogeneexpressioninrabbitaortaafterwallinjury:firstmarkerofthecellularprocessleadingtorestenosisafterangioplasty?EurHeartJ,1992,13:556-559.
5CasscellsAW.Migrationofsmoothmuscleandendothelialcells:criticaleventsinrestenosis.Circulation,1992,86:723-729.
6SchwartzRS,HolmesDRJr,TopolEJ.Therestenosisparadigmrevisited:analternativeproposalforcellularmechanisms.JAmCollCardiol,1992,20:1284-1293.
7HaudenschildCC,SchwartzSM.EndothelialregenerationII:restitutionofendothelialcontinuity.LabInvest,1979,41:407-418.
8AsaharaT,BautersC,PastoreC,etal.Localdeliveryofvascularendothelialgrowthfactoracceleratesreendothelializationandattenuatesintimalhyperplasiainballoon-injuredratcarotidartery.Circulation,1995,91:2793-2801.
9OberhoffM,NovakS,HerdegC,etal.Localandsystemicdeliveryoflowmolecularweightheparinstimulatesthereendothelializationafterballoonangioplasty.CardiovascRes,1998,38:751-762.
12WoessnerJF.Matrixmetalloproteinasesandtheirinhibitorsinconnectivetissueremodeling.FASEBJ,1991,5:2145-2154.
13LibbyP,TanakaH.Themolecularbasesofrestenosis.ProgCardiovascDis,1997,40:97-106.
14RogersC,ParikhS,SeifertP,etal.Endogenouscellseeding:remnantendotheliumafterstentingenhancesvascularrepair.Circulation,1996,94:2909-2914.
15WeidingerFF,McLenachanJM,CybulskiMI,etal.Persistentdysfunctionofregeneratedendotheliumafterballoonangioplastyofrabbitiliacartery.Circulation,1990,81:1667-1679.
16SaroyanRM,RobertsMP,LightJTJr,etal.Differentialrecoveryofprostacyclinandendothelium-derivedrelaxingfactoraftervascularinjury.AmJPhysiol,1992,262:H1449-H1457.
17WilsonJM,BirinyiLK,SalomonRN,etal.Implantationofvasculargraftslinedwithgeneticallymodifiedendothelialcells.Science,1989,244:1344-1346.
18ConteMS,BirinyiLK,MiyataT,etal.Efficientrepopulationofdenudedrabbitarterieswithautologousgeneticallymodifiedendothelialcells.Circulation,1994,89:2161-2169.
19ConsignyPM,VitaliNJ.Resistanceoffreshlyadherentendothelialcellstodetachmentbyshearstressismatrixandtimedependent.JVascIntervRadiol,1998,9:479-485.
20DunnPF,NewmanKD,JonesM,etal.Seedingofvasculargraftswithgeneticallymodifiedendothelialcells:secretionofrecombinantTPAresultsindecreasedseededcellretentioninvitroandinvivo.Circulation,1996,93:1439-1446.
21MadriJA,ReidyMA,KocherO,etal.Endothelialcellbehaviorafterdenudationinjuryismodulatedbytransforminggrowthfactor-beta1andfibronectin.LabInvest,1989,60:755-765.
22AsaharaT,ChenD,TsurumiY,etal.Acceleratedrestitutionofendothelialintegrityandendothelium-dependentfunctionafterphVEGF165genetransfer.Circulation,1996,94:3291-3302.
23WhiteCR,SheltonJ,ChenSJ,etal.Estrogenrestoresendothelialcellfunctioninanexperimentalmodelofvascularinjury.Circulation,1997,96:1624-1630.
24KrasinskiK,SpyridopoulosI,AsaharaT,etal.Estradiolacceleratesfunctionalendothelialrecoveryafterarterialinjury.Circulation,1997,95:1768-1772.
25GuoJP,PandayMM,ConsignyPM,etal.MechanismsofvascularpreservationbyanovelNOdonorfollowingratcarotidarteryintimalinjury.AmJPhysiol,1995,269:H1122-H1131.
26DiMarioC,GilR,CamenzindE,etal.Quantitativeassessmentwithintracoronaryultrasoundofthemechanismsofrestenosisafterpercutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplastyanddirectionalcoronaryatherectomy.AmJCardiol,1995,75:772-777.
27SchurmannK,VorwerkD,UppenkampR,etal.Iliacarteries:plainandheparin-coatedDacron-coveredstent-graftscomparedwithnoncoveredmetalstents——anexperimentalstudy.Radiology,1997,203:55-63.
28MaynarM,ReyesR,FerralH,etal.CraggendoprosystemI:earlyexperience.I.Femoralarteries.JVascIntervRadiol,1997,8:203-207.
29vanBelleE,TioFO,CouffinhalT,etal.Stentendothelialization:timecourse,impactoflocalcatheterdelivery,feasibilityofrecombinantproteinadministration,andresponsetocytokineexpedition.Circulation,1997,95:438-448.
30DichekDA,NevilleRF,ZwiebelJA,etal.Seedingofintravascularstentswithgeneticallyengineeredendothelialcells.Circulation,1989,80:1347-1353.
31ScottNA,CandalFJ,RobinsonKA,etal.Seedingofintracoronarystentswithimmortalizedhumanmicrovascularendothelialcells.AmHeartJ,1995,129:860-866.
- 上一篇:病毒性肝炎治療論文
- 下一篇:版圖意識宣傳教育監管意見